Sentences with phrase «by other cell types»

«At first we were surprised by how rapidly NR was able to reactivate dormant mitochondria in muscle, despite being largely consumed by other cell types,» Frederick said.

Not exact matches

Although other neuronal cell types are affected, medium spiny neurons bear the brunt of the damage caused by Huntington's disease.

Neuronal stem cells are marked by their ability to differentiate into other types of cells.

Some of the researchers at the centre will study the differentiation of stem cells into other cell types, one group by using human embryonic stem cell biology and another by studying early embryo development.

In the Cell study, Dr. Massagué, with Fellow Manuel Valiente, PhD, and other team members, found that in mouse models of breast and lung cancer — two tumor types that often spread to the brain — many cancer cells that enter the brain are killed by astrocytes.

«By observing entorhinal - hippocampal neurons based on their birthdate, we realized that these cells were somehow special and very different from the other surrounding cell types, which was instrumental to find out how and to what extent they influenced the assembly of the network.»

Action potentials can be created by many types of cells, but are used most extensively by the nervous system for communication between neurons and to transmit information from neurons to other body tissues such as muscles and glands.

The team believes that whichever way BMP - 7 is used, it will be less risky than other treatments for type 1 diabetes that are currently being investigated, such as those that create pancreatic cells from stem cells, or by introducing new genes into the body.

They also applied it to human brain tissue collected by the Genotype - Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project, finding that they could a) identify expression signatures unique to neurons, glial cells, and other cell types in the brain (including rare types), and b) differentiate between closely related cell subtypes.

By chance this noise will make some cells more likely to become one type of cell, whilst others will start to favour an alternative.

But while researchers have managed to culture other cell types, they have failed to grow the key dopamine cells needed by Parkinson's sufferers (This Week, 5 August).

However, compared to other avian influenza viruses, the attachment to epithelial cells by H7N9 in the bronchioles and alveoli of the lung was more abundant and the viruses attached to a broader range of cell types.

The stem cell model says that tumor growth is more hierarchical, mainly driven by a subset of cells that can make new copies of themselves and give rise to the other cell types the tumor contains.

Researchers developed a new type of cell transplantation to treat mice mimicking a rare lung disease that one day could be used to treat this and other human lung diseases caused by dysfunctional immune cells.

The study published in Cell Metabolism reports a mechanism by which two types of brain cells, neurons and glia, normally support each other's functions.

«Simply by counting cell types, we immediately saw that there were more Tregs in the older mice with diabetes than any other group.»

«Although right now we are focusing on developing a cancer vaccine, in the future we could be able to manipulate which type of dendritic cells or other types of immune cells are recruited to the 3D scaffold by using different kinds of cytokines released from the MSRs,» said co-lead author Aileen Li, a graduate student pursuing her Ph.D. in bioengineering at Harvard SEAS.

A potential solution to this problem is to reprogram other cell types into functional beta - like cells, which can produce insulin but are distinct from beta cells and therefore are not recognized or attacked by the immune system.

In patients with severe asthma, however, NK cells are disabled from resolving inflammation, and become outnumbered by other types of immune cells that provoke inflammation.

By comparing hippocampal and cortical neurons in mono - culture (with other cells of the same type) and in co-culture (both cell types deposited within one device), the research showed that some features from hippocampal cells, like the percentage of action potential spikes found in bursts, were significantly higher when cultured together with cortical cells.

By repeating the experiment over and over, however, they are assembling a picture of what types of cells exist, how those cells function during tasks of place memory, and what kinds of connections they form with other cells.

WHEN DISCUSSING neurotransmitters, most people think of the classical neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and serotonin — the primary chemical messengers used by neurons to communicate with one another and with other types of cells.

This approach is also being used to reverse engineer even more complex gut environments by integrating other cell types, such as immune cells, neuronal cells, and commensal microbes into the device.

Faustman got her idea by chance while transplanting islets, the pancreatic bodies that contain beta cells, from normal mice into others that had lost theirs to type 1, or juvenile, diabetes.

Previous in vitro studies conducted by researchers in other countries showed that this molecule was able to reduce the multiplication and increase the mortality of cells from melanoma, the most aggressive type of skin cancer, as well as breast cancer and neuroblastoma, a tumor that typically affects patients aged 15 or younger.

This new combination approach prevents cancer cells from changing their diet (metabolically inflexible), and effectively starves them, by preventing them from using any other available types of bio-fuels.

Yet also all other cell types in our body continually generate forces, aided by muscle - like structures present in every human cell.

Next, the researchers would like to investigate how to culture the other types of progenitor cells that are required for a full kidney, in addition to the nephrons formed by NPCs.

Another example being explored by Wong and others is to engineer stem cells so they develop into specific cell types when prompted by different signals.

Once the intruder has been bound by the BCR, the B cell is activated and, together with other immune cells, can fight off a range of different types of pathogens.

By designing synthetic proteins that can only interact with a pre-determined partner, and introducing them into cells, the team revealed a key interaction that regulates the ability of embryonic stem cells to change into other cell types.

«We think that its partner in this case, mGluR5, may also play a role of previously unrecognized breadth, acting within many different types of cells to intensify signals, such as those transmitted by GABA, glutamate, or other neurotransmitters,» Kim adds.

The mechanism used by Notch to regulate Myc in B cells is distinct from the mechanism used in other cell types, such as T cells, where Notch also regulates Myc.

They are surrounded by two other types of cells, which become the placenta and another structure, the yolk sac.

Studying a new type of pinhead - size, lab - grown brain made with technology first suggested by three high school students, Johns Hopkins researchers have confirmed a key way in which Zika virus causes microcephaly and other damage in fetal brains: by infecting specialized stem cells that build its outer layer, the cortex.

A team led by Mónica Bettencourt - Dias at the Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência (IGC; Portugal) have cracked this mystery, shedding light upon a critical mechanism whose deregulation leads to infertility, and that is important for the working of other cell types.

In a quickly executed study that reflects the global public health threat posed by Zika, the researchers compared Zika's effect on cells known as cortical neural progenitor cells to two other cell types: induced pluripotent stem cells and immature neurons.

«Thanks to work by Lorenz and others, we can now generate 50 different cell types, which could be used to develop new therapies or create powerful disease models.

Interpretation of neutrophil studies is limited by the fact that they have fewer mitochondria than muscle cells or other types of blood cells.

The ability of this gene to modify the other DM1 biomarkers will be explored in various cell types by classical experimental approaches and the molecular mechanism implicated to correct the DM1 missplicings will be analyzed.

ViaCyte is aiming to eliminate rigorous insulin treatment and glucose testing by engineering a type of stem cell that produces insulin and other hormones that regulate sugar levels.

For example, cross-model comparisons may help to pinpoint key cell types and molecules involved in lineage decisions, reveal evolutionary inventions, and may allow to interpret genetic disease models (for example in mouse) by mapping to human or other systems.

Although these processes are affected by many different cell types within the tumour stroma, macrophages and other myeloid - derived cells are among the most important players.

Often used to prevent patients» bodies from rejecting transplanted organs, rapamycin works by increasing the numbers of regulatory T cells and block other aggressive types of T cells.

The study relates to a particular type of vaccine (killed) against a particular virus, influenza, though the findings might hold true for other killed vaccines and for those vaccines consisting only of proteins produced by GM in bacteria, yeast or insect cells, against diseases such as hepatitis B (HBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV, the causative agent of cervical cancer).

In the early 1970s, the immunology community was just beginning to coalesce around a model of immunity comprising two distinct types — one mediated by B cells and the other by T cells.

The authors refer to their hypothesis as differential partitioning - environmental buffering, and suggest that partitioning cells into different fates according to prevailing conditions could be a strategy used by many other types of cell coalitions — whether microbial communities, humans, trees, or jellyfish.

Biomedical engineers at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, and Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Worcester, Mass. are growing tracheas by coaxing cells to form three distinct tissue types after assembling them into a tube structure - without relying on scaffolding strategies currently being investigated by other groups.

Eventually the paintings emerge, but the little bubbles, as we call them, are stimulating specific types of retinal ganglion cells in very specific ways, which is necessary, we know from other studies, to encourage their ongoing health by transmitting electrical signals down their axons to the brain.

This suggests that the behaviour of transcriptional networks downstream of Nanog, FGF signalling, and other key ES cell regulators produce an attractor or attractor states occupied by these cell types.