Sentences with phrase «by other cells called»

Cancer cells are surrounded by other cells called «stromal cells», which can make up 80 per cent of pancreatic cancer tissue.

Not exact matches

The building block electronic and protonic actual occasions are, in the case of human beings, swept into vastly more complex, Chinese box - like sets of containing societies within which there are social levels that can be identified with cells, others which answer to Aristotle's levels of tissues and organs, and which finally are presided over by what Whitehead refers to as the regnant nexus, a social thread of complex temporal inheritance which, Whitehead suggests, wanders from part to part of the brain, is the seat of conscious direction of the organism as a whole, and answers to what in Plato and Aristotle is called the soul.

Also called «sensory trails,» the broad, generally flat paths have been created to accommodate wheelchairs and guide animals, and can include specially designed ropes, rails, and Braille signage, as well as audio tours accessible by cell phones and other smart devices.

Growing demand for cellular data by smartphones, tablets and other devices has led wireless carriers across the country to deploy a new kind of wireless transmitter called «small cells» to provide better coverage in densely populated areas.

«These attacks have grown in magnitude and they include attacks on security services, we have incidents where military officers have been lynched by mobs, we have instances where these vigilante groups calling themselves variously; Invisible forces, Delta forces, etc. invade police stations, break into cells and release suspects because they claim the NPP members are immune to any form of arrest in other words, they are living above the law because they happen to be members of a party living in power», he said.

Eastern District Assistant United States Attorneys Lara Treinis Gatz and John Durham said in the letter that the strength of the government's case «is overwhelming and consists of dozens of witnesses... fully corroborated by numerous sources of evidence... including telephone call detail records, cell site records, photographs, financial records... and other documentary evidence.»

Some scientists had claimed that the lymphatic system was derived from specialized stem cells called angioblasts, whereas others had argued that it originated by the differentiation of pre-existing embryonic veins.

If that damage is deemed too extensive by other cellular actors that interact with p53, it triggers p53 to launch the call for the cell to commit suicide.

Supported by 18 other cell biology experts, he drafted a widely distributed «white paper» calling for an end to contamination.

The engineered protein has two ends: one activates T cells by binding to a surface molecule called the CD3 receptor, and the other — based on an antibody called VRC07 — powerfully binds to more than 90 percent of HIV strains.

Because our cells are made up of mostly water, if we dehydrated them to the point of having no fluid, they would be damaged by so - called solution effects, which result from the cell being too concentrated and not having its water replaced by some other compound.

Earlier studies by Darnell and others showed that FMRP manages the production of a slew of proteins found at nerve cell connections called synapses.

By now, European astronauts had hoped to be established in their space laboratory called Columbus, where they would be melting and solidifying conductive metals, studying microgravity effects on single - celled organisms, investigating human balance disorders, and carrying out dozens of other experiments.

The research suggests that reducing production of the protein, called myoferlin, affects cancer cells in two primary ways: by changing the activation of many genes involved in metastasis in favor of normal cell behavior, and by altering mechanical properties of cancer cells — including their shape and ability to invade — so they are more likely to remain nested together rather than breaking away to travel to other tissues.

The work, funded by national charity Pancreatic Cancer Research Fund, uncovers new evidence that PAK4 plays a key role in enabling cancer cells to grow and to spread from the pancreas into other areas of the body, a process called metastasis.

In previous studies, the same group along with others had demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) produced by eukaryotic cells and viruses are present in human blood in highly stable, cell - free forms and these so called circulating miRNAs can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of various diseases, including viral diseases.

In the new study, expanding upon what scientists previously understood about intrinsic immunity, the researchers found that cells can subsequently respond to latent HCMV by employing other cellular proteins called lysine demethylases to reactivate the virus.

Another view is that tumors can become resistant to therapy by a process called cell fate decision, by which some tumor cells are killed by therapy and others become cancer stem cells.

These molecules function by shuttling broken - down proteins called peptides from inside the cell to the surface, where other immune cells inspect them to see whether they are invaders.

In other words, a program trained with this method should be able to identify the same speaker in two different phone calls, one placed by landline, for example, and the other by cell phone.

Hutchinson - Gilford progeria is caused by a spontaneous mutation during conception in a gene called LMNA, which encodes a protein called prelamin A. Progeria patients experience a buildup of an abnormal version of prelamin A in their cells that, among other changes, distorts the nucleus and alters gene expression.

Now, with publication of a study by investigators at the Cedars - Sinai Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, ALS researchers know the effects of the attack are worsened, at least in part, by the aging and failure of support cells called astrocytes, which normally provide nutrients, housekeeping, structure and other forms of assistance for neurons.

Researchers led by Van Allen and Choueiri sought an explanation for why some patients with a form of metastatic kidney cancer called clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) gain clinical benefit — sometimes durable — from treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors that block the PD - 1 checkpoint, while other patients don't.

«We note that there are two subgroups of breast tumors by epigenome: one which we have called Epi - Basal, characterized by loss of epigenetic marks causing breakage of chromosomes and the other that we have called Epi - Luminal B, that presents epigenetic inactivation of genes that should protect us from cancer and these altered cells can no longer do it.»

Cancer cells settle to the bottom of the well, where they selectively bind to the antibodies based on their surface markers (unlike other devices, the chip can also trap tiny structures called exosomes produced by cancers cells).

Croizier and another team led by Susumu Maeda at the University of California at Davis have independently extended the host range of AcNPV to other species by infecting insect cells with AcNPV and a virus called Bm - NPV, which normally infects the common silkworm (Bombyx mori).

Shortly after infection, HIV levels skyrocket, but then the immune system and other antiviral factors produced by cells drive down the amount of virus in the blood — the so - called viral load — and establish a «set point.»

The team led by Rory Fisher, Ph.D., professor of pharmacology in the UI Carver College of Medicine, has identified a protein called RGS6 (regulator of G protein signaling 6) that acts through two separate mechanisms to control alcohol - seeking behavior and alcohol - induced cell death in heart, liver, and other organs.

Given that they can not use a host cell, production of replication incompetent virus particles is achieved by particular cells that are able to replicate the viral genome (called packaging cells) and necessitates the presence of other plasmids besides the original viral vector (called helper plasmids or packaging plasmids) that provide replication machinery and virus structural components.

In a typical immune response, for instance, inflammatory proteins called cytokines will be released by immune cells at a site of inflammation and then other immune cells will use these cytokines like a trail of breadcrumbs to home in on the site of infection and destroy the pathogens that are causing it.

A team led by Dr. Alexey Terskikh at Sanford - Burnham Medical Research Institute (Sanford - Burnham) recently found that expression of a gene called SOX2 maintains the potential for neural crest stem cells to become neurons in the peripheral nervous system, where they interface with muscles and other organs.

One end of the BiTE binds to a molecule on T cells, and the other end binds to a molecule called CD19 on cancer cells; by bringing the two together, the BiTE facilitates cancer cell killing.

Eventually the paintings emerge, but the little bubbles, as we call them, are stimulating specific types of retinal ganglion cells in very specific ways, which is necessary, we know from other studies, to encourage their ongoing health by transmitting electrical signals down their axons to the brain.

A New Twist in Breast Cancer Working with mice, scientists have shown that a protein made by a gene called TWIST may be the proverbial red flag that can accurately distinguish cells that drive aggressive, metastatic breast cancer from other breast cancer cells.

The statewide ballot measure, which provided $ 3 billion in funding for stem cell research at California universities and research institutions, was overwhelmingly approved by voters, and called for the establishment of an entity to make grants and provide loans for stem cell research, research facilities, and other vital research opportunities.

In cancer, Tregs are recruited by tumors and prevent other types of T cells, including cytotoxic T cells (also called CD8 cells) from attacking and destroying cancer cells.

The approach developed by the MGH team starts with the engineered protein, which in this case fuses an antibody fragment targeting a protein called mesothelin — expressed on the surface of such tumors as mesothelioma, ovarian cancer and pancreatic cancer — to a protein from the tuberculosis bacteria that stimulates the activity of dendritic and other immune cells.

Previous research by Dixson and others has shown that as water becomes more acidic, it begins to interfere with a structure — called a receptor — on cells in a fish's brain.

The research published by GenoMEL has identified inherited genes which increase melanoma risk which are pigment genes (affecting skin colour and vulnerability to sunburn), genes which are associated with having more moles (melanocytic naevi) and others associated with a part of the genetic makeup of the cell called the telomere.

Many currently available obesity drugs are unable to pass through a filtering mechanism in the brain called the blood - brain barrier, which is formed by astrocytes and other cell types.

Studies show that a substance known as C - reactive protein (CRP), one of the so - called markers released by cells during the inflammation process, may be more effective than cholesterol in gauging the risk of heart attack and other cardiovascular events.

Children with asthma have lower vitamin A levels than children without asthma, and the degree of vitamin A deficiency they exhibit is directly proportional to the severity of their asthma.37, 38 In cell experiments, vitamin A eliminates the response of bronchial smooth muscle cells to growth factors that characterizes the asthmatic reaction39 and suppresses the activity of mast cells, which are involved in asthmatic or other reactions mediated by histamine or other inflammatory chemical messengers called leukotrienes.40 Consistent with studies in isolated cells, vitamin A deficiency causes asthmatic bronchial hyper - reactivity in live rats.41

In fact, our white blood cells kill bacteria and viruses by releasing hydrogen peroxide and other compounds we call free radicals.

Several other fascinating research studies on the healing properties of lemons and limes have shown that cell cycles — including the decision a cell makes about whether to divide (called mitosis) or die (apoptosis — are altered by lime juice, as are the activities of special immune cells called monocytes.

Anemia can be triggered by blood loss, a folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiency, sickle cell disease, and a genetic disorder called thalassemia, among other causes.

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Normally, as red blood cells age or are damaged, they are broken down by other cells, called «macrophages.»