Sentences with phrase «by outcome variable»

Not exact matches

Daily outcomes are impacted by variables from around the world.

Atheists think the universe was created by a catastrophic explosion with an unknown cause... unknown (and always will be if they can help it), because if they used scientific method (as logic and reason dictates), they would have to use the existence of an intelligent God as a variable in coming up with possibilities as to the outcome of their theory.

saying that the keynesian conception is about spending what you earn is the opposite of what it stands for (its actually what you haplessly describe as the neoclassical position) beyond the even more meaningless claim that wenger adheres to it... keynes broke with the idea that the economy was simply a collection of perfectly informed individuals and firms responding rationally to price incentives generated by market forces and that the big variables that frame an economies performance — output, employment, price level, wages, etc — tend to move in cycles and are shaped by decisions and judgements made under hugely uncertain conditions that if left to markets generate bad outcomes..

Alternatively this situation may be managed by increasing the number of MPs by a variable number depending on the election outcome.

Mr Clarke, for his part, claims that rehabilitation depends on marshalling a piecemeal system with variable outcomes into a payment - by - results model that has attracted the interest of President Obama.

The USIDNET registry gathers variables including clinical, laboratory and outcome data, which together provide a health survey of the relatively small number of patients affected by primary immunodeficiency disorders.

«We're hoping to impress upon the scientific community the notion that for those of us who might be interested in predicting an outcome of interest, possibly with rather complex or high dimensional data, we might gain by reconsidering the question as one of how to search for highly predictive variables (or variable sets) and using statistics that measure predictivity to help us identify those variables to then predict well,» Lo said.

Colon and rectal cancers are a clinically heterogeneous group with variable prognosis and outcomes that are determined by underlying molecular and genetic changes.

While mood and sleep are outcomes that can be affected by many variables, it can't hurt to ask your physician about incorporating a magnesium supplement into your routine.

The thermodynamic analysis leads to the conclusion that variable efficiency is the expected outcome from physical principles, and therefore, when a calorie is a calorie, it is not explained by thermodynamics but rather by the unique characteristics of living systems.

«Reductionism by definition seeks to eliminate all «confounding» factors: any variables that might influence the outcome in addition to the main substance under investigation.

Education is a complex policy area in which outcomes are determined by a host of difficult - to - measure variables, many of which are outside of schools» control.

When taking into consideration many initial variables that could influence the outcome, the analysis can be simplified by either selecting the most important ones or creating new variables by combining existing ones into indexes.

Our primary outcome variable is student achievement as measured by performance on standardized tests.

One analysis by Eric Eide and Nick Ronan uses an instrumental variable approach to estimate the effect of participating in high school sports on long - term outcomes, like educational attainment and earnings.

In my review I recommend analyses of international policies and practices done by Eric Hanushek, Ludger Woessmann, Martin West, Michael Kremer, Karthik Muralidharan and Charles Glenn because, unlike Tucker and other «best practices» gurus, they avoid the error of selection on the dependent variable by considering the full range of outcomes, not just focusing on successful places.

For our final analysis, we conducted a stepwise regression in which the most powerful school level (systematic internal assessment and parent links) and classroom level (time in small - group instruction and time in independent reading) variables were simultaneously regressed on our most robust outcome measure, fluency as indexed by words correct per minute on a grade level passage.

In a nutshell, she points out that the MET study asked whether actual observation of teaching, student surveys, or VAM test score measures did a better job of predicting future student test score growth, which «privileges» test scores by using it both as a variable being tested and as the outcome reflecting gains.

Variance heterogeneity is a common feature of educational data when treatment differences expressed through means are present, and often reflects a treatment by subject interaction with respect to an outcome variable.

First, while the Perry Preschool results are based on a randomized design, the CPC study, led by Arthur Reynolds and Judy Temple, used a quasi-experimental group without a pre-test for major outcome variables.

In the process, they generate data by measuring marble roll distances multiple times, pool their data, and enter it on line plots to better see, understand, and analyze how manipulating the different variables affects the outcomes.

This means that the exam results are mitigated by a construct - irrelevant variance — an extraneous, uncontrolled variable that affects assessment outcomes (National Research Council, 1999; Abedi & Gándara, 2006; Abedi, 2002; Solórzano, 2008).

We next built models to examine how outcome was affected by Maternal behavior, the variables that comprised Maternal behavior, performance on cognitive and temperament tasks as a young adult, and Maternal behavior combined with young adult performance.

Using the computer's high calculation speed and signal capacity to arrive at a large number of variables, Molnar nonetheless insists upon the importance of hazard and chance in the final outcome — by injecting small programming «interferences,» she offsets predictable outcomes.

In the chapter, with this perceptual barrier in mind, I assess the financial resources of the longstanding coalitions working for or against policy action, careful to situate spending in the first paragraphs of the chapter as one variable among many influencing legislative outcomes (se discussion of past study by Baumgartner et al..)

The bottom line is that if a drug can not pass the rigorous phase I to phase III trials required by the FDA (which are usually double blind, randomized, and controlled for all known variables that could influence the outcome), it will not be approved.

The Shannon entropy is given by, where x is a random variable with m the number of outcomes and p (xl) the probability of xl.

Any outcome that can be measured in a lab and used to prove is computable, and any computable outcome can be produced by hidden variables.

If the observable outcome (temperature increase, independent variable) is the result of a) manmade forcings plus b) non manmade forcings; and if admittedly non manmade forcings are not well enough to well embody them in the models (scenario or what if sensitivity models not forecasting models), the answer (by definition) it's not possible to put a number on the probability / likelihood of manmade causes.

Furthermore, all contain important features that can be useful for CCIAV studies; with some exercises (e.g., MA and GEO - 3) going one step further than the original SRES scenarios by not only describing possible emissions under differing socio - economic pathways but also including imaginable outcomes for climate variables and their impact on ecological and social systems.

Variables that make fixed - fee pricing unworkable are: conflicting parties, multiple parties, differing demands by clients for question - answering, discussion, and personal engagement; unpredictable judges; variance in possible outcomes; and alternative strategies for how to deal with these outcomes.

So far, only three published studies have analyzed the association between brief readability and case outcome, 50 and no studies have analyzed that association in the trial courts, where most lawyers practice.51 Long and Christensen sampled 882 appellate briefs from the Supreme Court, federal appellate courts, and state supreme courts.52 Their dependent variable was the outcome of the appeal (affirmed or reversed), while their independent variable was readability measured by the Flesch Reading Ease score as calculated by Microsoft Word.53 For federal appellate and state supreme court briefs, the researchers coded control variables for federal or state court, standard of review, presence of a dissenting opinion, and readability of the opinion deciding the appeal.54 For United States Supreme Court briefs, the researchers coded control variables for constitutional issue, criminal or civil case, presence of a dissenting opinion, and opinion readability.55 They found no statistically significant correlation between readability and outcome in the briefs in their study.56

Legal analytics provides lawyers and clients with a means to objectively assess the likely outcomes of different scenarios by performing a series of searches and adjusting search parameters to evaluate and compare likely outcomes, including variables like remedies and damages awarded.

Outcomes and successes are affected by many external variables including market volatility, local and national economies, market saturation for a particular industry, and a client's level of experience, adaptability to workforce changes, skill sets, or continued motivation.

Since we found baseline differences in race / ethnicity and clinic site by treatment group, we also conducted multivariate analyses to control for these variables on outcomes including EC use, unprotected intercourse, contraceptive method change, frequency of condom use, and condom use at last intercourse.

These associations were significantly moderated by theoretically and methodologically relevant variables, with patterns of moderation found to vary somewhat with each child outcome.

In an additional test of attrition effects, the interaction of intervention condition with attrition was assessed with respect to each outcome variable reported inTable 3 by examining attrition - by - condition interaction effects on corresponding measures at fifth - grade entry.

This is supported by Szatmari's work in Canada, which showed that family dysfunction and, for boys, service needs disappeared as significant variables associated with ADHD when comorbidity for other disorders were factored in, of which by the far the most common was CD.31 Unsurprisingly, abused children with ADHD have poorer outcomes in adulthood, but that could have several alternative explanations as there are many confounders that could account for these differences in outcome.

[12] The Gottman Relationship Institute claims that six of seven of Gottman's studies have been properly predictive, by a non-standard definition of prediction in which all that is required is that predictive variables, but not their specific relationship to the outcome, were selected in advance.

To that end, Imago Relationship International supports research that involves the use of Imago Therapy and any aspect of Imago Therapy that is explicitly described by its founder, research that evaluates the impact Imago Therapy has on individuals, couples, and other systems over a wide range of impact variables including outcome studies of workshops and in - office treatment regimes, neuroscience and biological studies involving Imago Relationship Therapy; and the use of Imago Relationship Therapy with specific diagnostic categories and its effect on positive outcomes.

We estimated models by using dependent variables previously associated with significant treatment effects in the follow - up study.10, 20 These included life - course outcomes for the mother, such as number of subsequent children, months on welfare, impairments due to substance use, and number of arrests, as well as life - course outcomes for the study children, such as number of runaway episodes and number of arrests or convictions.

First, multilevel modelling was used to estimate the impact of CfC by comparing the difference between CfC and comparison sites in the outcome measures at wave 3 after taking account of demographic variables (see table 2).

Personality: While individual differences have been accounted for previously in the DRIVE model by including coping style and attributional style variables, personality variables represent a significant omission in this area, particularly when considering subjective well - being outcomes where personality has been cited as potentially the most important predictor (Diener et al., 2003).

The validity of the counterfactual was established by testing for statistically significant differences in outcome variables between CfC and comparison sites at wave 1 and by testing for differential rates of sample attrition between waves 1 and 3.

Finally, on a related note, multiple participants were rated by a single supervisor, which subjects our outcome variables to rater effects.

This outcome study was designed as a quantitative study that took place over 3 - time intervals and measured change in intimacy based on 3 variables (satisfaction, conflict resolution, and communication) as perceived by individuals from an RLT Couple Experiential Treatment group and a Control group.

This study presents a significant step forward in its operationalization of both primary and secondary appraisal variables by treating hurt as an outcome, rather than an antecedent, of the appraisal process, and considers an extensive range of coping responses.

The goal was to produce three clinical video vignettes that differed only by race / ethnicity of the actor and represented (a) common clinical presentation in community care, and (b) sufficient ambiguity in diagnosis and treatment recommendations to elicit variability in physicians» decisions on the key outcome variables (diagnosis and treatment recommendations).

Other variables (maternal parity, housing stability, hospitalization, perceived health status, employment, use of the Women, Infants, and Children Supplemental Nutrition Program, and cigarette smoking; whether the mother was living with a partner; and infant gestational age, birth weight, need for transfer to an intensive care nursery, health insurance, special needs, health status as perceived by the mother, and age at the time of the survey) were included if the adjusted odds ratio differed from the crude odds ratio by at least 10 %, which is a well - accepted method of confounder selection when the decision of whether to adjust is unclear.42, 43 Any variable associated with both the predictor (depression) and the outcome (infant health services use, parenting practices, or injury - prevention measures) at P <.25, as suggested by Mickey and Greenland, 42 was also included.

Moreover, the possibility of common method variance could be reduced even more by measuring the predictor and outcome variables separated in time, such as across two daily diary surveys (i.e., experience sampling design) were employees are instructed to fill out their experienced levels of workload at the end of the workday and the experienced levels of detachment and marital satisfaction right before bedtime (Podsakoff et al., 2003).