Sentences with phrase «by oxygen molecules»

The microwave sounding units (MSU) aboard the satellites don't actually measure air temperature, but rather the intensity of microwave radiation given off by oxygen molecules in the atmosphere, from which the scientists estimate the temperature.

The microwave sounding units (MSU) aboard the satellites don't actually measure air temperature, but rather the intensity of microwave radiation given off by oxygen molecules in the atmosphere, and the intensity of this radiation is a proxy for air temperature.

Mears and others said that the satellite measurements should not be taken seriously because they only infer the temperature from measurements of radio emissions by Oxygen molecules - AND - that these final numbers never match actual temperature measurements made over land and water (ground stations as well as radiosonde).

Photons of sufficient energy are absorbed by oxygen molecules and as a result the atoms of the oxygen are «blown» apart.

The researchers used satellites to measure heat in the form of microwave radiation emitted by oxygen molecules in the atmosphere from 1979 to 2005.

Not exact matches

Oxygen bleach is made by reacting molecules with hydrogen peroxide.

The test, which could be available to patients within two years, identifies the chemical signatures found in the plasma of blood joint proteins damaged by oxidation, nitration and glycation; the modification of proteins with oxygen, nitrogen and sugar molecules.

Now, the «smart» bandage developed by the team provides direct, noninvasive measurement of tissue oxygenation by combining three simple, compact and inexpensive components: a bright sensor molecule with a long phosphorescence lifetime and appropriate dynamic range; a bandage material compatible with the sensor molecule that conforms to the skin's surface to form an airtight seal; and an imaging device capable of capturing the oxygen - dependent signals from the bandage with high signal - to - noise ratio.

That initial color is influenced by the loss of oxygen from hemoglobin, the molecule in blood that ferries oxygen from the lungs through the body.

By modeling the reaction, they concluded that the initial energy burst could come from ultraviolet (UV) light, which produces energetic oxygen called singlet oxygen when it breaks up water molecules.

The study, Lysyl oxidase and adipose tissue dysfunction, found that this molecule is more prevalent in fat tissue of obese people and that it was increased by inflammation and oxygen deprivation.

Sickle cell disease is a recessive genetic disorder caused by a single mutation in both copies of a gene coding for beta - globin, a protein that forms part of the oxygen - carrying molecule hemoglobin.

The heat absorbed by water vapor and carbon dioxide is shared with all the nitrogen, oxygen and argon, because the latter molecules are always bumping into water vapor and carbon dioxide as they mix in the atmosphere.

Because nitric oxide breaks down very quickly, as soon as the chemical is no longer being produced, the oxygen molecules are again trapped by the mitochondria and are not available for the production of light.

The color difference occurs because Earth's auroras are dominated by excited nitrogen and oxygen molecules, and Saturn's auroras are dominated by excited hydrogen molecules.

By separating out the starlight from the planet light, we can identify molecules in the planet's atmosphere and look for gases produced by life, like oxygen, ozone and ammoniBy separating out the starlight from the planet light, we can identify molecules in the planet's atmosphere and look for gases produced by life, like oxygen, ozone and ammoniby life, like oxygen, ozone and ammonia.

The idea was that during the day, oxygen molecules are ionised by ultraviolet light from the Sun to form O2 + ions.

«Sodium ions are much smaller than the hydrogen protons bound to oxygen molecules in the water in our bodies which are mapped by conventional MRI.

Using the energy of the sun, they break the water molecules apart and use the hydrogen to create organic compounds like carbohydrates, leaving oxygen behind as a by - product.

According to one popular theory, when mitochondria extract energy from chemicals, by - products called oxygen radicals damage mitochondrial DNA and other critical molecules.

This process of activating oxygen molecules by adding electrons is ubiquitous — all living organisms use this trick, and modern fuel cells also work in this way.

By the way, this effect is most prevalent when the particles that do the scattering are smaller than the wavelength of light, as is the case for the nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the atmosphere.

Our catalyst improves this process by passing through a chemical intermediate — called an eta -3-ozone intermediate — in which the two oxygen atoms from molecular oxygen can be easily separated from each other and passed on to two different molecules of substrate.

Some experts blame aging on the corrosive capability of chemically reactive oxygen molecules or «oxidants» churned out by mitochondria inside cells.

An atmospheric water molecule can be broken apart by sunlight, releasing the two hydrogen atoms from the oxygen atom that they had been bound to.

The gas is produced by splitting up oxygen molecules with an electric discharge.

Gold / titanium dioxide catalyst in action: At the interface between a gold particle (Au, gold) and the titanium dioxide surface (TiO2, red and light blue), an oxygen molecule (O2, dark blue spheres) is activated by a charge transfer and becomes catalytically active.

In a third study published online by Science on 6 April (www.sciencexpress.org), molecular geneticist Valter Longo of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and colleagues battered a population of yeast mutants with heat or paraquat, a chemical that creates reactive oxygen molecules.

That light is absorbed by the chlorine - based molecules, which then excite nearby oxygen molecules, creating a highly reactive form of oxygen, known as singlet oxygen, that rips apart nearby biomolecules and kills the tumor cell.

The researchers tested a variety of solutions containing the soil bacteria Geobacter sulfurreducens and Thiobacillus denitrificans, which thrive by eating acetate (an organic compound that makes vinegar sour) and nitrate (a negatively - charged molecule of biologically available nitrogen and oxygen), respectively, when they can find a spare electron or two.

This aurora is driven by Jupiter's intense magnetic field, which causes particles to reach such high speeds that they can split the water molecules in the plume when they hit them, resulting in oxygen and hydrogen ions which leave their telltale imprint in the colours of the aurora.

The most convincing evidence for this, says Jouzel, comes from isotope ratios; ice that has frozen in site has a higher proportion of water molecules containing the heavy form of oxygen, oxygen - 18, than that of ice that has been transported over long distances by weather systems.

By processing oxygen faster, women are less likely to accumulate molecules linked with muscle fatigue, effort perception and poor athletic performance.

Low temperature plasmas are one of the best media for CO2 decomposition — the split - up of the molecule into oxygen and carbon monoxide — both by direct electron impact, and by transferring electron energy into vibrational excitation.»

PutA facilitates metabolism by adding oxygen to molecules.

By forcing adult mice with sickle cell disease to produce a fetal version of the hemoglobin molecule that carries oxygen in blood, a research team has eliminated symptoms of disorder in the animals.

However, when water molecules are broken by the stellar radiation into hydrogen and oxygen, the relatively light hydrogen atoms can escape the planet.

Earth's ozone layer, 10 kilometres above the surface, is produced when light from the Sun interacts with molecules of oxygen in our atmosphere, and it produces an unmistakable signal that could be detected by JWST.

The reaction combines the hydroxyl molecule (OH, produced by reaction of oxygen and water) and carbon monoxide (CO, a byproduct of incomplete fossil fuel combustion) to form hydrogen (H) and carbon dioxide (CO2, a «greenhouse gas» contributing to global warming), as well as heat.

When water molecules rise into the upper atmosphere, sunlight breaks the water into hydrogen ions which are fast and escape easily, and heavier oxygen ions which are carried away by the electric field.

A few years ago, researchers led by Harvard University chemist Daniel Nocera devised what they call an artificial leaf that uses a semiconductor combined with two different catalysts to capture sunlight and use that harvested energy to split water molecules (H2O) into H2 and oxygen (O2).

Lower in the atmosphere, oxygen atoms and hydroxyl radicals (OH), which form when water molecules are broken apart by ultraviolet photons, oxidize methane.

The reaction starts by oxidizing the metal, which pulls electrons away from the oxygen on a water molecule.

The near - infrared mapping spectrometer on NASA's Galileo spacecraft found evidence of the presence of molecules made of oxygen, carbon, sulfur, hydrogen, and nitrogen on Europa, and a hint of the presence of a class of complex organic compounds called tholins which may be driven by pre-biotic processes (more).

This Project Idea, created by MIT as part of the Science Buddies Academic Outreach Program, lets students explore cutting - edge methods for storing renewable energy by breaking up water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.

STEVEN BENNER: Radiation causes damage to DNA by way of specific molecules, in particular, reactive oxygen species.

A molecule containing three oxygen atoms, computer models suggest that ozone on Venus is formed when sunlight breaks up carbon dioxide molecules and releases oxygen atoms, which are swept around to the planet's nightside by winds where they can then combine to form unstable, three - atom ozone molecules, as well as much more stable, two - atom molecules essential for animals.

Presumably, the strong stellar wind emitted by giant stars eventually blows the titanium oxide out of the star's outer regions (along with hydrogen and helium gases and dust made of elements and molecules like carbon) into interstellar space, until vigorous convection brings out more titanium and oxygen that are created from nuclear processes deeper in the star.

By means that are not entirely understood, the tubeworm provides all the chemicals necessary for the bacteria to make food, including sulfur, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, and the bacteria manufacture sugars or some other form of energy - rich molecules that provide nutrition to the tubeworm.

As a result, once water molecules are dissociated into ionized hydrogen and oxygen atoms by the Sun's ultraviolet light in Venus» upper atomsphere, they are more easily blown into space by the Solar wind (S.I. Rasool, 1968).