Sentences with phrase «by photosynthetic»

100 Gt C is about 8.33 E3 Tmol of C. From Hartmann, «Global Physical Climatology», the amount of O2 in the atmosphere is about 209500 ppm (molar ratio in dry air), or 1.185 million Gt, which is about 37030 E3 Tmol of O2, which is about 4450 times the moles of O2 that are produced by photosynthetic uptake of 100 Gt of C; photosynthetic uptake of 100 Gt of C would, if all O2 remained in the atmosphere, increase atmospheric O2 by about 0.0225 % (relative to the total O2).

However, it is too chemically reactive to remain a free element in Earth's atmosphere without being continuously replenished by the photosynthetic action of living organisms, which use the energy of sunlight to produce elemental oxygen from water.

Your claim about the stability of foraminiferal dO18 ratios also shows that you're unfamiliar with the work of Bemis, et al., 1998, which discusses the artifacts introduced into foraminiferal dO18 by photosynthetic symbionts.

Plants can capture CO2 adding it to organic compounds and the energy is taking from sunlight by photosynthetic processes developed by life near a billion of years ago.

Regardless of when the cyanobacteria appeared, it is widely accepted that they comprised the predominant form of life on early earth for some two billion years, and were responsible for the creation of earth's atmospheric oxygen, consuming CO2 and releasing O2 by photosynthetic metabolism.

This would have enormous implication for subsequent evolution as earth's oceans atmosphere were oxygenated by photosynthetic bacteria creating extensive stromatolitic reefs.

Some of the oxygen produced by photosynthetic bacteria was absorbed (oxidized) by iron dissolved in Earth's oceans.

The tiny fraction of it that is absorbed by photosynthetic plants maintains all living matter

The team presents new isotopic data showing that a burst of oxygen production by photosynthetic cyanobacteria temporarily increased oxygen concentrations in Earth's atmosphere.

Ozone, which protects us from harmful ultraviolet radiation here on Earth, forms when oxygen produced by photosynthetic organisms (like trees and phytoplankton) synthesizes in light.

The new study determined that much of the ocean's dissolved organic matter is made up of novel polysaccharides — long chains of sugar molecules created by photosynthetic bacteria in the upper ocean.

In a paper released in the November 14, 2016 issue of the journal Nature Geoscience, Repeta and colleagues at the University of Hawaii found that much of the ocean's dissolved organic matter is made up of novel polysaccharides — long chains of sugar molecules created by photosynthetic bacteria in the upper ocean.

Heterotrophic bacteria require oxygen, and the new results suggest that there were enough of them around to mop up most of the oxygen produced by photosynthetic organisms.

Sedimentary rocks 3.5 billion years old (and perhaps those 3.8 billion years old) contain what appear to be fossil stromatolites, which are natural colonies formed by photosynthetic bacteria; within the stromalites one can see microscopic forms reminiscent of bacteria.

Not exact matches

Fast - growing plants have higher photosynthetic rates, which are also influenced by light, temperature, vapor pressure deficit, and carbon dioxide.

But with our planet as their guide, astrobiologists are forced to acknowledge that oxygen may be the least likely thing they will ever see — genetic evidence suggests the complex oxygen - producing photosynthetic pathway pioneered by cyanobacteria is an extraordinary evolutionary innovation that only appeared once throughout the entire multi-billion-year history of Earth's biosphere.

About 2.7 billion years ago, photosynthetic algae in the oceans started making their mark, taking in carbon dioxide as fuel and sending the by - product — oxygen — skyward.

Incorporation of CNTs into chloroplasts extracted from plants enhanced choloroplast's photosynthetic activity by 49 % compared to the control.

«So basically, the idea is that we hijack a portion of the energy produced by the microalgae from their photosynthetic systems.

To make their discovery, Rust and his colleagues had to separate metabolism from light exposure, and they did this by using a synthetic biology approach to make photosynthetic bacteria capable of living on sugar rather than sunlight.

Huang's research addresses fundamental questions about the rules bacteria live by — for instance, what determines their shape and how different wavelengths of light affect the movement of photosynthetic microbes (SN: 10/14/17, p. 17).

Instead, as suggested by the trickle - up theory of salmon restoration, the plankton tends to get eaten by tiny animals, which are then eaten by larger animals until, ultimately, all or most of the CO2 sucked up by the tiny plants during their photosynthetic life spans finds its way back to the atmosphere in relatively short order.

Over time, the bacteria lost the ability to live independently of the fern, but their photosynthetic machinery increased its nitrogen - fixing capability by a factor of between 12 and 20.

Chemical analysis of even older rocks suggests that photosynthetic organisms were already well established on Earth by 3.7 billion years ago.

If these presumed bacteria are direct ancestors of extant photosynthetic bacteria, life was already well developed by then, having passed through the stages that led to the most recent universal ancestor and the splitting of the ancestral lineage into the primary lines of descent.

Since these physiological features are shared by both Pereskia groups as well as other cacti, despite their ancient evolutionary split, the team concludes that they must have evolved first, and that the first cacti were «shrubs or small trees with photosynthetic leaves.»

The best explanation, says Hayes, is that these hydrocarbons were formed by «heterotrophic» bacteria, which fed by rotting down the organic material from dead photosynthetic cells.

The oceans of around 1 billion years ago, the researchers argue, were topped by a thin oxygenated layer populated with photosynthetic organisms and heterotrophic bacteria.

The research is part of the international research project Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency (RIPE) that is supported by Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Foundation for Food and Agriculture Research, and the U.K. Department for International Development.

A photosynthetic microorganism was turned into fuel without having to die, be buried in sediment and cooked by eons of geologic processes into petroleum.

And will be taken up by the plant and will increase the concentration of carbon dioxide around RuBisCo inside the plant and increase its activity and photosynthetic yields.

Research associates Anneke Prins and Doug Orr conducted the experimental work which was jointly funded by CIMMYT (W4031.11 Global Wheat Program) and by Realizing Increased Photosynthetic Efficiency, a project funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and led by the University of Illinois at the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology.

But no one knows for sure whether the fungi can make use of the extra carbon supplied by plants when they raise their photosynthetic rate.

His research team envisions a series of interacting processes, or feedbacks, that maintained oxygen at very low levels principally by modulating the availability of life - sustaining nutrients in the ocean and thus oxygen - producing photosynthetic activity.

By taking ice samples for the last five winters and analyzing for the chlorophyll produced by algae and photosynthetic bacteria, Twiss and his team have determined that from November to April the Lake experiences great primary productivity, more so than in spring or summeBy taking ice samples for the last five winters and analyzing for the chlorophyll produced by algae and photosynthetic bacteria, Twiss and his team have determined that from November to April the Lake experiences great primary productivity, more so than in spring or summeby algae and photosynthetic bacteria, Twiss and his team have determined that from November to April the Lake experiences great primary productivity, more so than in spring or summer.

Zhang solved the incompatibility by creating «detergent peptides,» molecules that form protective shells around the photosynthetic proteins.

A team of researchers led by Carnegie's Ute Armbruster and Martin Jonikas revealed a mechanism by which plants maintain high photosynthetic efficiency in fluctuating light.

Meyer, a chemist at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and director of its Energy Frontier Research Center in Solar Fuels, noticed that two separate groups of researchers working on two separate parts of the photosynthetic reaction happened to be using the same class of catalyst — ones with an atom of the metal ruthenium surrounded by organic molecules.

«If trends continue, we can expect probably a doubling of primary production,» in photosynthetic activity undertaken by millions of algae, he adds.

«Two weeks after flooding treatment with simulated salt water, net photosynthetic rate of broccoli, kale, spinach, and tomato was reduced by 43 % to 67 %, transpiration rate by 35 % to 66 %, and stomatal conductance by 51 % to 82 %.»

Using high - performance computing and genetic engineering to boost the photosynthetic efficiency of plants offers the best hope of increasing crop yields enough to feed a planet expected to have 9.5 billion people on it by 2050, researchers report in the journal Cell.

«Our lab and others have put a gene from cyanobacteria into crop plants and found that it boosts the photosynthetic rate by 30 percent,» he said.

Most plants rely on the C3 process, which uses carbon dioxide and fixes three - carbon compounds in a photosynthetic cycle, but a few have evolved the more efficient C4 variety, developing a competitive edge by fixing four carbons per cycle.

But these photosynthetic organisms activate other biochemical pathways at night, when they generate energy by breaking down the sugars, starches, and oils that they created during the day.

An analysis of GOME - 2 data published in April suggests that carbon - cycle models underestimate peak photosynthetic output by as much as 50 — 75 % in parts of India, China and the African Sahel, and by 40 — 60 % in the «corn belt» of the US Midwest, which accounts for more than 40 % of the world's maize (corn) production (L. Guanter et al..

Even when studying agriculture in South Africa, he had been attracted by the science of crop protection, and his Ph.D. research on electron transport in photosynthesis was highly relevant to the industry: «Herbicides are specifically developed to work against the photosynthetic apparatus,» he explains.

«This suggests that the light use efficiency of lettuce and pothos was limited by a process other than conversion into heat, likely light - induced damage to the photosynthetic machinery in the leaves,» the authors noted.

On the other hand, many anaerobic microbes including methanogens are easily poisoned by oxygen, and the recent discovery of banded sediments with rusted iron on Akilia Island in West Greenland suggests that oxygen - producing, photosynthetic microbes (e.g., cyanobacteria) living on the surface of wet areas to gather sunlight may have developed by the end of this geologic period (3.85 billion years ago) despite continuing bombardment from space.

Photosynthetic life might support «crack» habitats in thin ice, if daily tides force water into the cracks formed by gravitational flexing from Jupiter (more).

After over three billion years of evolution in the oceans, multi-cellular life — beginning with green algae, fungi, and plants (liverworts, mosses, ferns, then vascular and flowering plants)-- began adapting to land habitats by creating a new «hypersea,» and adding anomalous shades of green to Earth's coloration more than 472 million years ago (Matt Walker, BBC News, October 12, 2010; and Qiu et al, 1998 — more on the evolution of photosynthetic life and plants on Earth).