Those low expectations contribute to low educational attainment
by poor and minority children.
What American history has long ago shown is that without strong federal action, state governments rarely do the right thing
by poor and minority children.
An issue made clear again earlier this week when her priorities list was revealed, none of which mentioned doing right
by poor and minority children.
Not exact matches
Some of the potential causes of
poor breastfeeding outcomes among black
and Puerto Rican women include breastfeeding ambivalence (7), the availability of free formula from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants,
and Children (WIC)(8), a high level of comfort with the idea of formula feeding (9), limited availability
and lower intensity of WIC breastfeeding support for
minority women (10, 11),
and issues surrounding trust building
and perceived mistreatment
by providers (12).
Once typical of only
poor and minority women, this trend doesn't seem to be slowing down, as the stigma of being a single mother has been replaced
by the choice
by women to have
children on their own.
Her research on achievement
and motivation in
poor and minority children has been supported
by the Spencer Foundation
and the National Science Foundation.
By shifting funds, public attention
and scarce organizational
and budgetary resources away from schools
and into the coffers of the testing industry vendors, the futures of
poor and minority children and the schools they attend get compromised.»
A study of 49 states
by The Education Trust found that school districts with high numbers of low - income
and minority students receive substantially less state
and local money per pupil than school districts with few
poor and minority children.
Some have argued that the legal basis for this mandate can be found in section 1111 (a)(8), the so - called «equitable teacher distribution» requirement, which asks states to submit plans to the Secretary that describe «steps that the State educational agency will take to ensure that
poor and minority children are not taught at higher rates than other
children by inexperienced, unqualified, or out - of - field teachers,
and the measures that the State educational agency will use to evaluate
and publicly report the progress of the State educational agency with respect to such steps.»
The Forum declared that Education for All must take account of the needs of the
poor and the disadvantaged, including working
children, remote rural dwellers
and nomads, ethnic
and linguistic
minorities,
children, young people
and adults affected
by HIV
and AIDS, hunger
and poor health,
and those with disabilities or special needs.
But ability grouping
and its close cousin, tracking, in which
children take different classes based on their proficiency levels, fell out of favor in the late 1980s
and the 1990s as critics charged that they perpetuated inequality
by trapping
poor and minority students in low - level groups.
But the near - unanimous vote
by the conference committee in favor of the deal belied growing anxiety on the left, with civil rights advocates
and education reformers becoming increasingly nervous they had spent close to a year working on an education bill that will ultimately harm
poor and minority children.
What has become clear is that explicitly focusing on the educational concerns of
poor and minority children regardless of where they live,
and expanding that to the criminal justice reform
and other the social issues that end up touching (
and are touched
by) American public education, is critical, both in helping all
children succeed as well as rallying long - terms support for the movement from the parents
and communities that care for them.
More importantly, the most - successful efforts to expand school choice (including Virginia Walden Ford's work in Washington, D.C., Steve Barr's work with Latino communities in Los Angeles,
and Parent Revolution's Parent Trigger efforts), have been ones led
by poor and minority communities who explicitly made the case for helping their own
children escape failure mills that damaged their families for generations.
For
poor and minority students, risks are higher: 26 percent of those who face the «double jeopardy» of poverty
and low reading proficiency fail to earn high school diplomas,
and Hispanic
and African American
children who lack proficiency
by third grade are twice as likely to drop out of school as their white counterparts.
For many
poor, language -
minority,
and dialect - speaking
children attending low - performing schools, the odds of learning to read
by the end of third grade are far too low.
Thanks in part to a board of education dominated
by conservative reformers such as Andy Smarick of the American Enterprise Institute
and former Thomas B. Fordham Institute President Chester Finn Jr. (the latter of whom presided over the think tank's initial activism against the Obama - era guidance), the Old Line State only plans to intervene when suspension levels for
poor,
minority,
and special ed - labeled
children are three times higher than that of other peers.
The No
Child Left Behind Act in 2001 included language requiring states to «ensure that
poor and minority students are not taught at higher rates than other
children by inexperienced, unqualified, or out - of - field teachers.»
No
Child Left Behind, first passed in 2002, was an ambitious, bipartisan attempt to close achievement gaps between
poor and minority students
and their peers
by setting a goal for all students to eventually become proficient in reading
and math.
As any student of American history knows
by now, the federal government has more - often been used as a tool for promoting the racism that is America's Original Sin (especially in education policy) than for transforming schools
and communities for
poor and minority children.
By shining harsh light on the low performance of schools as well as prescribing consequences for continued failure, No
Child's accountability approach forced districts to focus on improving student achievement, especially for
poor and minority children they have long ignored.
As Dropout Nation has pointed out ad nauseam since the administration unveiled the No
Child waiver gambit two years ago, the plan to let states to focus on just the worst five percent of schools (along with another 10 percent or more of schools with wide achievement gaps) effectively allowed districts not under watch (including suburban districts whose failures in serving
poor and minority kids was exposed
by No
Child) off the hook for serving up mediocre instruction
and curricula.
Last month, the administration scrambled to get Virginia to scrap its low expectations for
poor and minority children amid outcry from reformers
and civil rights activists over the Old Dominion's move to approve AMO targets that only require districts to ensure that 57 percent of black students (
and 65 percent of Latino peers) are proficient in math
by 2016 - 2017; those targets were blessed
by the administration back in June as part of its approval of the state's waiver proposal.
As I have noted, stronger standards alone aren't the only reason why student achievement has improved within this period; at the same time, the higher expectations for student success fostered
by the standards (along with the accountability measures put in place
by the No
Child Left Behind Act, the expansion of school choice, reform efforts
by districts such as New York City,
and efforts
by organizations such as the College Board
and the National Science
and Math Initiative to get more
poor and minority students to take Advanced Placement
and other college prep courses), has helped more students achieve success.
Around this time last year, Dropout Nation applauded Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder's effort to expand the state's inter-district choice program —
and end the practices of Zip Code Education that condemn
poor and minority children to dropout factories —
by requiring every district to open their doors to any student anywhere.
And it is important to remind some Beltway reformers that focusing on poor and minority children will not only help all kids, but can even win suppoet from middle class blacks and Latinos, who will make up the majority of all Americans by mid-centu
And it is important to remind some Beltway reformers that focusing on
poor and minority children will not only help all kids, but can even win suppoet from middle class blacks and Latinos, who will make up the majority of all Americans by mid-centu
and minority children will not only help all kids, but can even win suppoet from middle class blacks
and Latinos, who will make up the majority of all Americans by mid-centu
and Latinos, who will make up the majority of all Americans
by mid-century.
There are so many education implications in this New York Times story about
child safety agencies discriminating against
poor minority parents: How are
children's academics affected
by being removed from their parents» homes
and sent to foster care?
Among the characteristics shared
by urban schools include large class sizes, social
and disciplinary problems, a large percentage of
poor and minority children,
and little involvement from parents compared to their suburban counterparts.
As Dropout Nation has noted ad nauseam, few of the accountability systems allowed to replace No
Child's Adequate Yearly Progress provision are worthy of the name; far too many of them, including the A-to-F grading systems put into place
by such states as New Mexico (as well as subterfuges that group all
poor and minority students into one super-subgroup) do little to provide data families, policymakers, teachers,
and school leaders need to help all students get high - quality education.
This isn't to say that these officials don't care about these
children, but that they are disinterested in taking on the tough work needed to overhaul districts
and schools in order provide kids with the schools they deserve — which includes challenging the soft bigotry of low expectations for
poor and minority kids held
by far too many adults working in American public education in Virginia
and the rest of the nation,
and the affiliates of the National Education Association which has succeeded for so long in keeping the Old Dominion's status quo quite ante.
But the administration approved efforts
by other states, including Tennessee
and Michigan, to define proficiency down for
poor and minority children.
Then there was Virginia, which was granted a waiver in June 2012
by the Obama Administration in spite of its longstanding unwillingness to embrace systemic reform as well as address the low quality of teaching
and curricula provided to
poor and minority children.
Due to the requirement under the federal No
Child Left Behind Act that each state's Title I plan must describe «the specific steps that the state education agency will take to ensure that
poor and minority children are not taught at higher rates than other
children by inexperienced, unqualified, or out - of - field teachers
and the measures that the state education agency will use to evaluate
and publicly report the progress,» TEA formed a stakeholder group, upon which TCTA served, to develop its State Educator Equity Plan.
In the wake of the Supreme Court's hostility to race - conscious integration
and in recognition of the disproportionate number of
minority,
and especially black,
children from
poor families, localities have adopted plans to integrate schools
by income instead of race.
Emboldened
by a California case overturning tenure on the grounds that it sticks too many
poor and minority children with bad teachers, New York City parents are preparing to sue.
Under the guidance, each state must submit to the department a plan that ensures «
poor and minority children are not taught at higher rates than other
children by inexperienced, unqualified, or out - of - field teachers.»
By deciding to roll back the college - preparatory standards, politicians in the Show - Me State have shown in deed that they have no concern for the futures of
children, especially those from
poor and minority backgrounds who will soon make up a majority of students in traditional public schools.
But far too many
poor and minority children are subjected
by far too many instructional professionals to educational abuse
and neglect.
The students who are the most let down
by the present state of affairs, however, are the high - potential
children from
poor and minority backgrounds whose gifts are badly neglected in today's education system.
By standing pat, Virginia has all but assured that its
children, especially those from
poor and minority backgrounds, will continue getting an education unfit for their futures.
From the so - called gifted -
and - talented programs that end up doing little to improve student achievement (
and actually do more damage to all kids
by continuing the rationing of education at the heart of the education crisis), to the evidence that suburban districts are hardly the bastions of high - quality education they proclaim themselves to be (
and often, serve middle class white
children as badly as those from
poor and minority households), it is clear that the educational neglect
and malpractice endemic within the nation's super-clusters of failure
and mediocrity isn't just a problem for other people's
children.
Yet far too many
children, especially those from
poor and minority families, are placed at risk
by school practices that are based on a sorting paradigm in which some students receive high - expectations instruction while the rest are relegated to lower quality education
and lower quality futures.
The Trump Administration's proposed $ 250 million increase in funding for the federal Charter School Fund (as well as another $ 1 billion in Title I funds devoted to expanding intra-district choice for low - income
children) is offset
by the elimination of $ 2.2 billion in funding for Americorps, the program that helps districts provide
poor and minority children with Teach for America recruits proven to improve their academic achievement.