This category, however, is considerably narrower than the «acts and
omissions by private persons and public authorities» mentioned in Article 9 (3) AC.
While pet stores and commercial breeders often use the newspaper to advertise, most of the ads for puppies and kittens found in the classifieds are
placed by private people.
There is distinction between acts that might be
done by a private person, and acts that a private person would never do, with only the latter being government functions.
Statistics Netherlands publishes a monthly house price index of existing own homes, those dwellings sold to a private person and intended for permanent
residence by that private person.
The due diligence obligations involves preventing, punishing, investigating, or redressing the harm
committed by private persons or entities who have violated ICCPR rights.
Legal, with restrictions (see also NFA Items): These are items that are regulated by the National Firearms Act, and require paperwork + licenses in order to own, but are generally
obtainable by private persons.
I also am, in the context of this question, not interested in Riester or similar plans, but straight traded
instruments by private persons with otherwise «simple» finances.
Such pleas or actions are
brought by private persons against private persons, or by the government when the cause of action is of a civil nature.
In some instances (North v. People, 139 Ill. 81, 104) it is pointed out that there is are statutory empowerments to arrest without warrant: «an arrest may be made by an officer or
by a private person without warrant...».
In the case of missing and murdered Aboriginal women, police forces must refrain from discriminating against women, and take measures to eliminate
discrimination by private persons — the due diligence obligation.
Put simply, Article 9 (3) AC requires that members of the public have access to remedies against acts or
omissions by private persons and public authorities which contravene laws relating to the environment.
«States contravene their human rights obligations when they fail to take appropriate measures or to exercise due diligence to prevent, punish, investigate or redress the harm caused by
acts by private persons or entities.»
«It's about how safety is traced in reality,» she explains, «by institutions, by the country and
by private people.»
Article 9 (3) of the Aarhus Convention is part of the provisions on access to justice and reads that «-LSB-...] each Party shall ensure that, where they meet the criteria, if any, laid down in its national law, members of the public have access to administrative or judicial procedures to challenge acts and omissions
by private persons and public authorities which contravene provisions of its national law relating to the environment».