And it's partly driven
by rising ocean temperatures, as warmer water chews away at the edges of the ice sheet.
Teaser image: Bleached, dead coral on the Great Barrier Reef in Australia caused
by rising ocean temperatures.
Not exact matches
Not only is the reef threatened
by widespread bleaching as a result of
rising ocean temperatures, but the project also requires the major expansion of the Abbot Point port in Queensland.
The new report «Lights Out for the Reef», written
by University of Queensland coral reef biologist Selina Ward, noted that reefs were vulnerable to several different effects of climate change; including
rising sea
temperatures and increased carbon dioxide in the
ocean, which causes acidification.
Almost a quarter of the coral in the 132,974 square foot wonderland of marine life is dead, and 93 % has been touched
by «bleaching,» a result of
rising ocean temperatures.
While caring for animals affected
by human activity such as overfishing, habitat degradation, plastic pollution and
rising ocean temperatures, the team seeks to increase public engagement and advocacy along with inspire new individuals to make a difference.
Based on modeling results
by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which predicted that Pacific
Ocean temperatures would
rise by 1 degree Celsius (2 degrees Fahrenheit) over the next 50 years, a Canadian and U.S. team of scientists examined the distributional changes of 28 species of fish including salmon, herring, certain species of sharks, anchovies, sardines and more northern fish like pollock.
But as climate patterns become less predictable and global
ocean temperatures rise, the water
temperature readings identified
by the Rutgers team might bring to light similar patterns that will allow forecasters to adjust their intensity forecasts accordingly.
The researchers say that
rising ocean temperatures, driven
by human - caused climate change, are mostly to blame.
Federal protection could slow the destruction of coral reefs, which are devastated
by increasing water
temperatures and the
rise of
ocean acidification
The resulting outburst of methane produced effects similar to those predicted
by current models of global climate change: a sudden, extreme
rise in
temperatures, combined with acidification of the
oceans.
As
temperatures rise today, most of the heat is being taken up
by the surface layers of the
oceans.
Over the past 60 years, winter
temperatures in the northwestern part of the peninsula have soared
by 11 degrees F. Year - round
temperatures have
risen by 5 degrees F and the surrounding
ocean is warming.
Changes to the transport of heat
by the Earth's atmosphere and
oceans to the poles have also been suggested as a possible contributor to the steep
rise in Arctic
temperatures.
According to a study conducted
by marine biologists of GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for
Ocean Research Kiel and Rostock University within the German research network BIOACID (Biological Impacts of
Ocean Acidification), eutrophication — that is already known for its negative effects — and
rising seawater
temperatures could lead to a decline of the bladder wrack in the Baltic Sea.
Rising temperatures and
ocean acidifi cation drive changes in phytoplankton communities [Also see Reports
by McMahon et al. and Rivero - Calle et al..]
This interplay between climate and wind can lead to sea level
rise simply
by moving water from one place in the
ocean to another, said Greene — no warming of the air, or of
ocean temperatures required.
The goal of the study, she said, was to help guide conservation efforts in advance of the expected
rise in
ocean temperature and acidity
by the end of this century, as forecast
by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
Vineyards planted at higher altitudes or near the
ocean — such as those in Oregon and Washington and in Argentina's Mendoza Province — will be less affected
by rising temperatures and may continue to benefit from the warming trend.
On the other hand, statistical analysis of the past century's hurricanes and computer modeling of a warmer climate, nudged along
by greenhouse gases, does indicate that
rising ocean temperatures could fuel hurricanes that are more intense.
The
ocean absorbs most of the extra heat trapped
by greenhouse gases — more than 80 percent — with
temperatures rising up to 3,000 meters below the surface.
The main driver for Arctic sea ice's disappearing act is the
rising ocean and air
temperatures driven
by human greenhouse gas emissions.
Oceans — plagued
by rising temperatures, depleted fish populations, and acidifying waters brought on
by human activity — are no exception.
But as
ocean temperatures increase due to climate warming, their emission rates could potentially
rise by 20 percent between 2010 and 2100.
The reason could be linked to
rising sea surface
temperatures — fueled in part
by global warming — as seen in
ocean buoy data collected along the U.S. coast.
The observed and projected rates of increase in freshwater runoff could potentially disrupt
ocean circulation if global
temperatures rise by 3 to 4 °C over this century as forecast
by the IPCC 2001 report.
For as much as atmospheric
temperatures are
rising, the amount of energy being absorbed
by the planet is even more striking when one looks into the deep
oceans and the change in the global heat content (Figure 4).
These
rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have led to an increase in global average
temperatures of ~ 0.2 °C decade — 1, much of which has been absorbed
by the
oceans, whilst the oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO2 has led to major changes in surface
ocean pH (Levitus et al., 2000, 2005; Feely et al., 2008; Hoegh - Guldberg and Bruno, 2010; Mora et al., 2013; Roemmich et al., 2015).
The only time period that remotely resembles the
ocean changes happening today, based on geologic records, was 56 million years ago when carbon mysteriously doubled in the atmosphere, global
temperatures rose by approximately six degrees and
ocean pH dropped sharply, driving up
ocean acidity and causing a mass extinction among single - celled
ocean organisms.
Thousands of studies conducted
by researchers around the world have documented changes in surface, atmospheric, and oceanic
temperatures; melting glaciers; diminishing snow cover; shrinking sea ice;
rising sea levels;
ocean acidification; and increasing atmospheric water vapor.
Meanwhile, as
oceans heat up, thermal expansion causes sea levels that are already
rising from the melting of land ice (triggered
by higher air and sea
temperatures) to
rise even more.
There are also concerns that
oceans, which currently absorb more than 90 percent of the extra heat being trapped
by human greenhouse gas emissions, could eventually release some of that back to the surface, speeding up the surface
temperature rise.
The graph below shows the strong statistical relationship between annual CO2
rise and the strength of El Niño and La Niña, as quantified
by sea surface
temperatures in the tropical east Pacific
ocean.
Rising ocean temperatures, local pollution and other changes can kill reefs
by stressing corals.
Source: Lyman 2010 The reaction of the
oceans to climate change are some of the most profound across the entire environment, including disruption of the
ocean food chain through chemical changes caused
by CO2, the ability of the sea to absorb CO2 being limited
by temperature increases, (and the potential to expel sequestered CO2 back into the atmosphere as the water gets hotter), sea - level
rise due to thermal expansion, and the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere.
Right now, 93 % of the reef is affected
by coral bleaching due to environmental changes like the
rising temperature of the
ocean water.
How does society, as it stands now, not understand that they have locked into the system already a
rise to the high 500's ppm, and, in my humble opinion, the low 600's are NOT out of the question.To me this is just as much of a tragedy if it takes place 250 years from now as it is if it takes only 100 years.In the end, the seventh generation is screwed
by a huge loss of fresh water, a huge increase in
temperature, an
ocean that no longer produces even one tenth of its total protein and carboydrate output as it did in the 1800's.
The significant difference between the observed decrease of the CO2 sink estimated
by the inversion (0.03 PgC / y per decade) and the expected increase due solely to
rising atmospheric CO2 -LRB--0.05 PgC / y per decade) indicates that there has been a relative weakening of the Southern
Ocean CO2 sink (0.08 PgC / y per decade) due to changes in other atmospheric forcing (winds, surface air
temperature, and water fluxes).
The findings of the Census of Marine Life Tagging of Pacific Predators project, published online today in the journal Nature, are particularly significant because they come just days after another evaluation of the world's
oceans pointed to severe disruption driven
by over-exploitation,
rising carbon dioxide concentrations, torrents of nutrients choking coastal waters and
rising temperatures.
Excerpt: Livermore CA (SPX) Nov 01, 2005 If humans continue to use fossil fuels in a business as usual manner for the next several centuries, the polar ice caps will be depleted,
ocean sea levels will
rise by seven meters and median air
temperatures will soar 14.5 degrees warmer than current day.
Steric sea level is driven
by volume changes through
ocean salinity (halosteric) and
ocean temperature (thermosteric) effects, from which the latter is known to play a dominant role in observed contemporary
rise of GSSL.
== Post # 65
by Dan: == ==» The warming trends are shown
by ocean temperatures, sea - level
rise, glacier retreats, satellite measurements, etc..
The warming trends are shown
by ocean temperatures, sea - level
rise, glacier retreats, satellite measurements, etc..
There is nothing consequential of the average
temperature of
Ocean rising by.2 C or.5 C in a century.
The Philippines is located in the western Pacific
Ocean, surrounded
by naturally warm waters that will likely get even warmer as average sea - surface
temperatures continue to
rise.
A 2008 report commissioned
by WWF warned that if global
temperatures rise 3.6 degrees Fahrenheit (2 degrees Celsius) above pre-industrial averages, sea ice in the Southern
Ocean could shrink
by 10 to 15 percent.
Taking into account a number of variables that could accompany
temperature rise, like changes to the atmosphere and
oceans, they found that August and September would be ice - free in the Arctic with a doubling of CO2, which they wrote could happen
by the middle of the 21st century.
The cause of this
temperature rise is still disputed
by scientists, but research suggests the natural release of large stores of CO2 from the world's
oceans may have played a role.
Ocean basin
temperature, according to best Bedwetter Bandwagon estimate of energy imbalance at top of atmosphere, is only going to
rise by 0.2 C over the next century.
By contrast, there is quite a lot of data now telling us that CO2 is not a climate driver: We did the experiment of adding a large slug of CO2 to the air and the
temperature stopped
rising in 1997, the stratosphere stopped cooling in 1995 and the
oceans showed no warming down to 700m when we replaced guesswork with accurate measurement in 2003.