Sentences with phrase «by sea ice»

The area covered by sea ice has been smaller every year for the past 30 years, with an average decrease of 3.2 % per decade.

It also provides a baseline for assessing the potential impact of noise pollution from increases in shipping traffic made possible by sea ice loss.

We note that this study has not taken into account the potential changes in atmospheric humidity caused by sea ice removal, which should be a focus of future work.

It is partly covered by sea ice throughout the year and almost completely in winter.

Both the area of water covered by sea ice and the thickness of the ice have been decreasing in recent years, and thinner ice is blown farther and faster by the wind.

Following the downward trend of recent years, the area covered by sea ice in Arctic has reached its lowest value since satellite observations began at end of the 1970's.

An iceberg surrounded by sea ice just north of Venable Ice Shelf, as seen during an Operation IceBridge flight on Nov. 16, 2017.

The model was run to test how Kansas might be affected by sea ice loss by itself — that is, without assuming any additional greenhouse warming and without any temperature increases to the oceans.

Could we be looking at any fairly abrupt changes to the jet stream, possibly triggered by sea ice melting or stratospheric changes?

According to NSIDC sea ice trend data, from 1979 to 2006, the sea ice losses for the Arctic (purple trend line in graph below) were effectively counterbalanced by the sea ice gains in the Antarctic (green trend line), producing a conspicuously flat trend line in global sea ice.

The area covered by sea ice hovered near its historic low this summer, and is expected to be largely gone by mid-century (ClimateWire, Dec. 17, 2010).

The study analyzed forecasts from the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) Sea Ice Outlook, a project that gathers and summarizes sea ice forecasts made by sea ice researchers and prediction centers.

However, the geologist goes on to explain, «That being said, a chronological sequence of extremely extended thick ice sheets (similar to what Jakobsson et al. have postulated) followed by sea ice formation with polynyas seems to be possible, as the initial results of our own investigations on the southern Lomonosov Ridge have shown.

«Eavesdropping on Bering Strait marine mammals: Researchers are eavesdropping on marine mammals within the Bering Strait via «passive acoustic monitoring» to observe changes in the ecology of the Pacific Arctic by documenting the use of this region by species previously excluded by sea ice.»

The area of the Arctic Ocean covered by sea ice usually hits its winter peak in early to mid-March, as the freeze season ends with the re-emergence of the sun above the horizon.

A mysterious, centuries - long cool spell, dubbed the Little Ice Age, appears to have been caused by a series of volcanic eruptions and sustained by sea ice, a new study indicates.

Marine sediments from the continental slope have less ice - rafted debris, which suggests that the ice sheet was bound by sea ice and ice shelves, which inhibited iceberg transport of glacial debris [17].

Possible mechanisms include (vii) changes in ocean temperature (and salinity), (viii) suppression of air - sea gas exchange by sea ice, and (ix) increased stratification in the Southern Ocean.

Researchers argue that the Arctic Oscillation, which is partially responsible for weather conditions in the Northern Hemisphere in winter, has become unhinged by the sea ice decline, causing more extreme winters, such as Europe's cold spell and the massive blizzards that hit the U.S. in 2009 and 2010.

The magnitude and spatial distribution of the high - latitude climate changes can be strongly affected by sea ice characteristics, but evaluation of sea ice in models is hampered by insufficient observations of some key variables (e.g., ice thickness)(see Section 4.4).

Sea ice extent is defined as the surface area enclosed by the sea ice edge (where sea ice concentration falls below 15 %).

Changes in the Arctic led by sea ice loss are affecting weather patterns farther south, such as in the lower United States.

[11] Before the advent of modern icebreakers, ships sailing the Arctic Ocean risked being trapped or crushed by sea ice (although the Baychimo drifted through the Arctic Ocean untended for decades despite these hazards).

Generally speaking, warming of Arctic stations is high (as predicted by models, and apparently confirmed by sea ice trends and phenology), so Arctic grid cells tend to have high warming.

Despite its importance, ocean salinity in the Arctic has been poorly monitored because of the harsh environment and obstacles posed by sea ice, which impede field measurements.

The area of the Arctic Ocean covered by sea ice naturally waxes and wanes with the seasons, reaching its peak at the end of winter and its nadir at the end of summer, usually in mid-September.

The amount of heat generated by sea ice melting and the associated decrease in albedo is equivalent to roughly 25 percent of the average global warming currently occurring due to increased carbon dioxide levels, the team reports.

However, as you'll see by the sea ice thickness maps below, there may be good reason for the lack of ringed seal lairs, and a general lack of seals except at the nearshore lead that forms because of tidal action: the ice just a bit further offshore ice looks too thick for a good crop of ringed seals in all three years of the study.

This pattern is supportive of sea ice loss in the Pacific sector of the Arctic as suggested by the sea ice extent analysis in Figure 2, and has been an important sea ice loss climate pattern since 2005, especially in summer 2007.

The Arctic Ocean is blanketed by sea ice that expands during the frigid Arctic winter, reaching a maximum extent in March.

Feedback factors calculated for these processes, with atmospheric dynamical feedbacks implicitly incorporated, are respectively fwater vapor ∼ 1 - 6, fclouds ∼ 1.3 and fsnow / ice ∼ 1.1, with the latter mainly caused by sea ice changes.

This is not because there was not thicker winter sea ice near Iceland (there was), but because that was more than compensated by sea ice losses in less accessible areas so that overall sea ice extent declined in that period (albeit, slowly):

The Arctic Sea Ice News & Analysis Web site provides daily data on Arctic sea ice along with monthly analysis of conditions by sea ice scientists.

Polynyas are regions of open water surrounded by sea ice.

The area of the Arctic Ocean covered by sea ice in September, when the annual minimum occurs, was the sixth lowest extent in the satellite record, going back to 1979.