Sentences with phrase «by seasonal ice»

For the first time in our records, the North Pole was covered by seasonal ice (i.e., ice that grew since the end of the previous summer).

Lately, the Arctic is increasingly characterized by seasonal ice cover and large areas are now prone to completely melt away in summer.

It is likely that the primary reason for the large loss of ice this summer is that the ice cover has continued to thin and become more dominated by seasonal ice.

Not exact matches

Vegan Cranberry Pistachio Loaf by It Doesn't Taste Like Chicken Magic Fruit Cake Bars with White Chocolate Drizzle by One Ingredient Chef Cranberry Cheesecake & Pistachio Stuffed Vegan French Toast by Connoisseurus Veg Pistachio Crusted Cranberry Cashew Coconut Cheese by Lemon and Coconut Cranberry Pistachio and Mango Salad by Veggies Save the Day Cranberry Cointreau Coconut Ice Cream with Candied Pistachios by Vegan Yack Attack Cranberry Pistachio Donuts by Two City Vegans (Casey) Cranberry Pistachio Gingersnap Truffles by Two City Vegans (Alix) Warm Barley Bowl with Roasted Brussels, Sweet Potatoes and a Coconut Curry Dressing by Taste Space Whole Wheat Cranberry Pistachio Vegan Biscotti by Veggie Inspired Journey Coconut Pistachio Cashew Cheese Panini with Cranberry Jam by Peppers and Peaches Toasted Pistachio Rice Pudding with Candied Cranberries by The Lazy Vegan Baker Pistachio and Cranberry Cream Sandwich Cookies by Love Me Feed Me Vegan Meringue Nests with Cranberry Coconut Whip and Crushed Pistachios by The Viet Vegan Vegan Coconut Quinoa Salad by Beets Not Meats Cranberry Orange & Pistachio Muffins With Vanilla Cream by A Virtual Vegan Gourmet Lazy Cabbage Rolls by Choose to Cook Sweet Potato Coconut Curry with Cranberries and Pistachios by The Tofu Diaries Lebanese Semolina Pudding (Layali Lubnan) by Lands and Flavors Vegan Chocolate Cranberry Cake by The Seasonal Diet

Magic Fruit Cake Bars with White Chocolate Drizzle by One Ingredient Chef Cranberry Cheesecake & Pistachio Stuffed Vegan French Toast by Connoisseurus Veg Pistachio Crusted Cranberry Cashew Coconut Cheese by Lemon and Coconut Cranberry Pistachio and Mango Salad by Veggies Save the Day Cranberry Cointreau Coconut Ice Cream with Candied Pistachios by Vegan Yack Attack Cranberry Pistachio Donuts by Two City Vegans (Casey) Cranberry Pistachio Gingersnap Truffles by Two City Vegans (Alix) Warm Barley Bowl with Roasted Brussels, Sweet Potatoes and a Coconut Curry Dressing by Taste Space Whole Wheat Cranberry Pistachio Vegan Biscotti by Veggie Inspired Journey Coconut Pistachio Cashew Cheese Panini with Cranberry Jam by Peppers and Peaches Toasted Pistachio Rice Pudding with Candied Cranberries by The Lazy Vegan Baker Pistachio and Cranberry Cream Sandwich Cookies by Love Me Feed Me Vegan Meringue Nests with Cranberry Coconut Whip and Crushed Pistachios by The Viet Vegan Vegan Coconut Quinoa Salad by Beets Not Meats Cranberry Orange & Pistachio Muffins With Vanilla Cream by A Virtual Vegan Gourmet Lazy Cabbage Rolls by Choose to Cook Sweet Potato Coconut Curry with Cranberries and Pistachios by The Tofu Diaries Lebanese Semolina Pudding (Layali Lubnan) by Lands and Flavors Vegan Chocolate Cranberry Cake by The Seasonal Diet Jolly Bollywood Holiday Curry by Sexie Veggies

Vegan Cranberry Pistachio Loaf by It Doesn't Taste Like Chicken Magic Fruit Cake Bars with White Chocolate Drizzle by One Ingredient Chef Cranberry Cheesecake & Pistachio Stuffed Vegan French Toast by Connoisseurus Veg Pistachio Crusted Cranberry Cashew Coconut Cheese by Lemon and Coconut Cranberry Pistachio and Mango Salad by Veggies Save the Day Cranberry Cointreau Coconut Ice Cream with Candied Pistachios by Vegan Yak Attack Cranberry Pistachio Donuts by Two City Vegans (Casey) Cranberry Pistachio Gingersnap Truffles by Two City Vegans (Alix) Warm Barley Bowl with Roasted Brussels, Sweet Potatoes and a Coconut Curry Dressing by Taste Space Whole Wheat Cranberry Pistachio Vegan Biscotti by Veggie Inspired Journey Coconut Pistachio Cashew Cheese Panini with Cranberry Jam by Peppers and Peaches Toasted Pistachio Rice Pudding with Candied Cranberries by The Lazy Vegan Baker Pistachio and Cranberry Cream Sandwich Cookies by Love Me Feed Me Vegan Meringue Nests with Cranberry Coconut Whip and Crushed Pistachios by The Viet Vegan Vegan Coconut Quinoa Salad by Beets Not Meats Cranberry Orange & Pistachio Muffins With Vanilla Cream by A Virtual Vegan Gourmet Lazy Cabbage Rolls by Choose to Cook Sweet Potato Coconut Curry with Cranberries and Pistachios by The Tofu Diaries Lebanese Semolina Pudding (Layali Lubnan) by Lands and Flavors Vegan Chocolate Cranberry Cake by The Seasonal Diet Jolly Bollywood Holiday Curry by Sexie Veggies

Although the boardwalk had undergone a major overhaul in 2010, years of gradual deterioration, compounded by long - term impacts from the aquatic environment and seasonal weather, such as snow and ice, forced its closure in March of 2016.

Polar bears, the poster - child for climate change, are among the animals most affected by the seasonal and year - to - year changes in Arctic sea ice, because they rely on this surface for essential activities such as hunting, traveling and breeding.

For example, the ice ages during the last several million years — and the warmer periods in between — appear to have been triggered by no more than a different seasonal and latitudinal distribution of the solar energy absorbed by the Earth, not by a change in output from the sun.

A big «hole» appeared in August in the ice pack in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, north of Alaska, when thinner seasonal ice surrounded by thicker, older ice melted.

Climate change hasn't been kind to the Arctic Circle, as evidenced by the decrease of seasonal ice in the area and the encroachment of temperate species.

«More nitrogen has to come from somewhere to resupply both the nitrogen ice that is moving around Pluto's surface in seasonal cycles, and the nitrogen that is escaping off the top of the atmosphere as the result of heating by ultraviolet light from the Sun,» said Singer.

The ice cores pulled up at WAIS will be dated by counting back these seasonal layers as if they were tree rings.

By these circles getting smaller, you see overall that the ice volume is shrinking, but you also see the seasonal differences with September values decreasing more than the winter values.»

The inventive seasonal offerings for the Plaza at The Standard aim to capture the surrounding community's imagination; from a winter ice rink and Skatehaus to last summer's installation of a massive sculptural work by KAWS entitled «Companion (Passing Through),» which will now be reimagined as a balloon in this year's Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade.

Although the primary driver of glacial — interglacial cycles lies in the seasonal and latitudinal distribution of incoming solar energy driven by changes in the geometry of the Earth's orbit around the Sun («orbital forcing»), reconstructions and simulations together show that the full magnitude of glacial — interglacial temperature and ice volume changes can not be explained without accounting for changes in atmospheric CO2 content and the associated climate feedbacks.

With enough time, you have an ice age, checked only by the fact that the ice can only get so far south, because this all hinges on seasonal insolation changes resulting from the axial tilt of the earth, and this makes no difference at or near the equator — insolation there is constant, regardless of the tilt of the earth, and the days are warm and long enough to hold back any threat of snow and ice.

If my guesstimates are anywhere near close, and I did the math right, the increase in seasonal min to max sea ice should have increased the thermohaline circulation by ~ 1Sv (as an annual average — the flow should follow the freeze up, only occuring in the fall).

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

You might like to look at «A changing Arctic seasonal ice zone: Observations from 1870 — 2003 and possible oceanographic consequences» 2007 by Kinnard et al..

An overall warming in the 2 × CO2 experiment causes reduction of sea - ice extent by 15 %, with maximum decrease in summer and autumn, consistent with observed seasonal sea - ice changes.

The total area covered by thick older ice that survives one or more summers («multi-year ice») shrank 42 percent or 1.54 million square kilometers (595,000 square miles), leaving thinner first - year ice («seasonal ice») as the dominant type of ice in the region.

Evidence suggests that the negative phase of the Arctic Oscillation was driven in part by warm air (air warmed by the dramatic seasonal loss of Arctic sea ice) 9 as well as by changes in snow cover over Eurasia driven by climate change.10 This event is part of an emerging trend in which a warming climate may paradoxically bring colder, snowier winters to northern Europe and the eastern United States.11

Third, the ice core data how conclusively that, during natural climate cycling, changes in temperature precede changes in carbon dioxide by an average 800 years or so (Fischer et al, 1999; Indermuhle et al, 2000; Mudelsee, 2001; Caillon et al, 2003); similarly, temperature change precedes carbon dioxide change, in this case by five months, during annual seasonal cycling (Kuo, Lindberg and Thomson, 1990).

Sea ice formation in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas has decreased by 10 % per decade and has also shortened in seasonal length [40].

While the Greenland Sea is dominated by ice export from the Arctic Ocean, the Barents Sea is mostly seasonal ice formed in situ.

The eastern Barents Sea (located in Russian territory), as defined by the Polar Bear Specialist Group (see map below), provides ample habitat for polar bears to thrive despite extended fluctuations in seasonal sea ice cover in the western portion.

Led by Dr. James E. Hansen from 1981 to 2013, research at GISS emphasized a broad study of global change, which is an interdisciplinary initiative addressing natural and man - made changes in our environment that occur on various time scales — from one - time forcings such as volcanic explosions, to seasonal / annual effects such as El Niño, and on up to the millennia of ice ages — and that affect the habitability of our planet.

These cores were recovered from areas characterized by different sea ice conditions today, ranging from perennial sea ice in the central Arctic Ocean to seasonal sea ice conditions along the Barents Sea continental margin (Fig. 1; see Methods for more details).

This interpretation is further supported by the minimum of the total number of dinoflagellate cysts and peak concentrations of the dinoflagellate species Impagidinium pallidum (Fig. 7d), indicative of cold polar conditions and an extensive seasonal sea ice cover42.

This logic forms the foundation of the methods that were used by the participants providing semi-quantitative, ice model - based, or seasonal melting projections.

In examining ice area — the extent weighted by concentration — the seasonal minimum in 2008 was nearly identical to that of 2007.

A recent study by NSIDC scientists Mark Serreze, Julienne Stroeve, and Alexander Crawford, along with University of Washington scientist Rebecca Woodgate, demonstrates strong links between seasonal sea ice retreat and advance in the Chukchi Sea and the inflow of ocean heat into the region through the Bering Strait.

Seasonal ice is also more susceptible to destruction by the winds and waves associated with summer storms passing over the Arctic Ocean.

Caveat: The ensemble mean forecast is one of many realizations of possible September sea ice extent produced by the seasonal forecast system.

For example, reductions in seasonal sea ice cover and higher surface temperatures may open up new habitat in polar regions for some important fish species, such as cod, herring, and pollock.128 However, continued presence of cold bottom - water temperatures on the Alaskan continental shelf could limit northward migration into the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea off northwestern Alaska.129, 130 In addition, warming may cause reductions in the abundance of some species, such as pollock, in their current ranges in the Bering Sea131and reduce the health of juvenile sockeye salmon, potentially resulting in decreased overwinter survival.132 If ocean warming continues, it is unlikely that current fishing pressure on pollock can be sustained.133 Higher temperatures are also likely to increase the frequency of early Chinook salmon migrations, making management of the fishery by multiple user groups more challenging.134

Joughin and others, 2008 observed that seasonal drainage of meltwater to the glacier bed induces a uniform acceleration of 50 — 150 meters / year over a ~ 300 km long section of the West Greenland margin that is not drained by outlet glaciers, causing a large fractional acceleration of the interior ice sheet but a small fractional change in the speed of fast - moving outlet glaciers.

Carrying it farther, I found Quantifying the seasonal «breathing» of the Antarctic ice sheet by S. R. M. Ligtenberg, M. Horwath, M. R. van den Broeke, and B. Legrésy GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, VOL.

This is likely because we maximized the covariance between the sea ice field and the atmospheric circulation by restricting our time averaging to the seasonal mean and restricting our spatial domain to 0 ° — 180 ° W and 30 ° — 75 ° S. Inevitably, indices calculated from local data will explain more local variance than those based on remote data.

Caveat: The ensemble mean forecast is but one of many realizations of possible September sea ice extent produced by the seasonal forecast system.

The wide range of studies conducted with the ISCCP datasets and the changing environment for accessing datasets over the Internet suggested the need for the Web site to provide: 1) a larger variety of information about the project and its data products for a much wider variety of users [e.g., people who may not use a particular ISCCP data product but could use some ancillary information (such as the map grid definition, topography, snow and ice cover)-RSB-; 2) more information about the main data products in several different forms (e.g., illustrations of the cloud analysis method) and more flexible access to the full documentation; 3) access to more data summaries and diagnostic statistics to illustrate research possibilities for students, for classroom use by educators, or for users with «simple» climatology questions (e.g., annual and seasonal means); and 4) direct access to the complete data products (e.g., the whole monthly mean cloud dataset is now available online).

The following are more of interest: — «Winter Sampling of Shallow Firn Air at the South Pole to Understand Processes Affecting Firn Atmospheric Histories and Ice Core Gas Records» by Severinghaus (2000), — «Thermal fractionation of air in polar firn by seasonal temperature gradients» by Severinghaus, Grachev & Battle (2001), — «Severinghaus et al. «Fractionation of gases in polar ice during bubble close - off: New constraints from firn air Ne, Kr and Xe observations» by Severinghaus & Battle (2006), but all follow the same line of reasoniIce Core Gas Records» by Severinghaus (2000), — «Thermal fractionation of air in polar firn by seasonal temperature gradients» by Severinghaus, Grachev & Battle (2001), — «Severinghaus et al. «Fractionation of gases in polar ice during bubble close - off: New constraints from firn air Ne, Kr and Xe observations» by Severinghaus & Battle (2006), but all follow the same line of reasoniice during bubble close - off: New constraints from firn air Ne, Kr and Xe observations» by Severinghaus & Battle (2006), but all follow the same line of reasoning.

CO2 is a «well mixed» gas in the atmosphere despite all the sources and sinks, despite the 180 ppm reading in the ice cores being too low to support C3 plants, despite the daily and seasonal sawtooth Also see former EPA scientist — slide 24: «Most of the atmospheric carbon dioxide is being transported by water droplets.»

RE: 4th Error -RCB- Poses an objection to the non-scientific term catastrophic [NOTE: Scientific «consensus» is often being used & / or implied in standard climate - change discourse - Yet Consensus is a Political Term - NOT a Scientific Term]- HOWEVER - When Jim Hansen, the IPCC & Al Gore, et - al - go from predicting 450 — 500 ppm CO2 to 800 — 1000ppm by the end of the 21st century -LCB- said to the be highest atmospheric CO2 content in 20 — 30 Million YRS -RCB-; — & estimates for aver global temps by 21st century's end go from 2 * C to 6 * C to 10 * C; — & increased sea level estimates go from 10 - 20 cm to 50 - 60 cm to 1M — 2M -LCB- which would totally submerge the Maldives & partially so Bangladesh -RCB-; — predictions of the total melting of the Himalayan Ice caps by 2050, near total melting of Greenland's ice sheet & partial melting of Antarctica's ice sheet before the 21st century's end; — massive crop failures; — more intense & frequent hurricane -LCB- ala Katrina -RCB- for much longer seasonal durations, etc, etc, etc... — IMO That's Sounds pretty damned CATASTROPHIC to Ice caps by 2050, near total melting of Greenland's ice sheet & partial melting of Antarctica's ice sheet before the 21st century's end; — massive crop failures; — more intense & frequent hurricane -LCB- ala Katrina -RCB- for much longer seasonal durations, etc, etc, etc... — IMO That's Sounds pretty damned CATASTROPHIC to ice sheet & partial melting of Antarctica's ice sheet before the 21st century's end; — massive crop failures; — more intense & frequent hurricane -LCB- ala Katrina -RCB- for much longer seasonal durations, etc, etc, etc... — IMO That's Sounds pretty damned CATASTROPHIC to ice sheet before the 21st century's end; — massive crop failures; — more intense & frequent hurricane -LCB- ala Katrina -RCB- for much longer seasonal durations, etc, etc, etc... — IMO That's Sounds pretty damned CATASTROPHIC to ME!

Although the time resolution of old air locked in ice cores is not enough to preserve seasonal cycles, there is no doubt that the seasonal cycle, which is mostly caused by photosynthesis and respiration of ecosystems on land, was similar to what we observe today.

The slowly changing orbit and tilt of the spin axis affect the seasonal distribution of insolation [27], and thus the growth and decay of ice sheets, as proposed by Milankovitch [28].

Most studies on ice predictability have used a perfect - model approach, in which a climate model is used to predict conditions simulated by that model, and have focused on seasonal to interannual predictability (e.g., Holland et al., 2011; Blanchard - Wrigglesworth et al., 2011; Chevallier and Salas - Melia, 2012).

This grew out of our Office of Naval Research - funded Seasonal Ice Zone Reconnaissance Surveys done by Coast Guard Station Kodiak in their C130 aircraft.

For example, the extent of the polar bear's habitat is determined by the maximum seasonal surface area of marine ice in a given year.

If we look at the data of seasonal variation of sea ice year by year at Arctic [North Pole] and Antarctic [South Pole] the year to year variations of seasonal trends are above the average at Antarctica and below the average at Arctic in the last decade.