Sentences with phrase «by selection bias»

The authors found no statistically significant differences in association measures between participants in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and the total population, indicating that the generalizability of this study is not violated by selection bias.

Another issue that might limit enthusiasm for the findings is that the majority of studies were affected by a selection bias.

As you say, it still is affected by selection bias because it is also useful only if there is some clear (though not necessarily linear) empirical relationship between something observable and climate predictions.

Not only does it use a small sample size, but it is a non-randomized, non-blinded, prospective observational study that may also be confounded by selection bias — in other words, the subjects may not be representative of the population of individuals with IBD.

Side note: FASTER had no randomization or intervention (ie, confounded by selection bias, among others); they basically recruited long - term low carb & high carb ultra-endurance runners and measured the stuffings out of»em.

Not exact matches

They frame their investigation by hypothesizing three aspects of bias: reporting style, editorial selection and content.

We avoid selection bias by using a non-US index of developed and emerging markets, not just developed ones.

Even by law: the second one is simply rude language (which you deliberately selected, to contrast with equally biased selection of carefully polite phrase for your side — as if we never hear a rude word from you guys); while the first one is actually a blackmail, despite the said politeness of the form.

The think tanks that provide research supplementary to the universities are also heavily biased by the sources of their funds and the selection of their leaders.

The strengths of the study include the ability to compare outcomes by the woman's planned place of birth at the start of care in labour, the high participation of midwifery units and trusts in England, the large sample size and statistical power to detect clinically important differences in adverse perinatal outcomes, the minimisation of selection bias through achievement of a high response rate and absence of self selection bias due to non-consent, the ability to compare groups that were similar in terms of identified clinical risk (according to current clinical guidelines) and to further increase the comparability of the groups by conducting an additional analysis restricted to women with no complicating conditions identified at the start of care in labour, and the ability to control for several important potential confounders.

Other strengths of the underpinning cohort study include high participation by midwifery units and trusts in England; the minimisation of selection bias through achievement of a high response rate and absence of self selection bias because of non-consent; and the ability to compare groups that were similar in terms of identified clinical risk.12 The economic evaluation was conducted according to nationally agreed design and reporting guidelines.15 26 Collection of primary unit cost data was thorough and accounted for regional differences in care patterns.

These studies are at risk for selection bias both of cases and of control individuals and their results might be influenced by potential confounders such as other health behaviors that may be independently associated both with breastfeeding and childhood leukemia risk, although this is of course not limited to case - control studies.

Although we could not find estimates of fan use in the US population, we examined the potential selection bias by evaluating characteristics associated with SIDS risks in study participants and nonparticipants in a previously published article.16 Using California birth certificate data, we compared the ORs for maternal age, maternal education, parity, birth weight, infant sex, and late initiation of prenatal care (> 5 months» gestation).

The authors do acknowledge some limitations in their paper, specifically that it relied on self - reporting, and that a selection bias may have been caused by pregnant couples being more willing to respond than disappointed couples.

We carefully studied issues raised by skeptics: biases from urban heating (we duplicated our results using rural data alone), from data selection (prior groups selected fewer than 20 percent of the available temperature stations; we used virtually 100 percent), from poor station quality (we separately analyzed good stations and poor ones) and from human intervention and data adjustment (our work is completely automated and hands - off).

At day 34 post infection, human CD4 + T cells were purified by positive selection prior to analysis to reduce any bias from low frequency contaminating human cells.

They specifically wanted to answer the question is «the temperature rise on land improperly affected by the four key biases (station quality, homogenization, urban heat island, and station selection)?»

However, we find a significant variation of the fraction of cool dwarfs with galactic latitude, indicating a target selection bias due to interstellar reddening and the increased contamination by giant stars near the galactic plane.

By consistently generating specific environmental states, niche construction co-directs adaptive evolution by imposing a statistical bias on selection.&raquBy consistently generating specific environmental states, niche construction co-directs adaptive evolution by imposing a statistical bias on selection.&raquby imposing a statistical bias on selection.»

In order to avoid a potential bias caused by selection of a particular referent subject, subject - specific SI maps from all the subjects are summarized as a weighted average, with the Jaccard index for each subject as the weight.

Minimizing bias in target selection by exploiting multidisciplinary Big Data and the protein interactome MedChemNet 29 November 2016

The sexual selection mechanism hypothesis suggests an indicator function based on the observed male - biased blister beetle consumption and male cloaca inspection by females.

Observational studies have a high risk of bias owing to problems such as self - selection of interventions (people who believe in the benefits of meditation or who have prior experience with meditation are more likely to enroll in a meditation program and report that they benefited from one) and use of outcome measures that can be easily biased by participants» beliefs in the benefits of meditation.

The author, Denise Minger, starts her critique of «The China Study,» by asserting, «the book's most widely repeated claims, particularly involving Campbell's cancer research and the results of the China - Cornell - Oxford Project, are victims of selection bias, cherry picking, and woefully misrepresented data.

A random - assignment evaluation of career academies, conducted by MDRC, addresses this question of selection bias.

Self - selection can bias a sample by making a group of highly - motivated subjects appear larger than it really is.

But much of the college advantage can be explained by «selection bias» — the differences between those who tend to complete college and those who don't.

In suburban San Antonio, the schools are too new to evaluate by academic achievement, and self - selection bias will make it hard to do so: schools that are designed to appeal to students and parents looking for faster - paced academics would be expected to appear at the top of state school rankings.

By comparing the educational outcomes of students who scored just above the admissions threshold (and thus were very likely to attend) and just below the admissions threshold (who mostly did not attend), Dougherty is able to account for the selection bias that has plagued prior CTE research.

The cases of extreme selection bias — where there is by design no variation on the dependent variable — are easy to deal with: avoid them!

We show these results below and in the paper; they provide no evidence to suggest that our findings are biased by unobserved selection.

Many of them have, of course, already practiced the easiest form of the selection bias they decry by moving to the lofty suburbs of privilege, even as they fight to ensure poor black and Hispanic families do not have the same opportunity.

The parents of New Orleans public school students interviewed by Gross et al. — parents who, resulting from selection bias, are suspected to remain more actively engaged in the school choice process — expressed that they used the resources and valued the information they provided.

Our process focuses on implementing multiple investment themes through sector bias and security selection — supported by extensive proprietary fundamental research and quantitative analysis.

Fortunately, there's plenty of stock selection filters you can employ — for example, to help protect against the risks posed by home bias, bottom - up stock picking, and / or a concentrated portfolio.

Filed Under: Investing Tagged With: Advice, cognitive bias, personal finance, selection effect Editorial Disclaimer: Opinions expressed here are author's alone, not those of any bank, credit card issuer, airlines or hotel chain, or other advertiser and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any of these entities.

This difference is likely attributable to a selection of bias in terms of which animals are listed on Petfinder, and the fact that certain animals are removed from the website by shelters for reasons that are often unknown to Petfinder (perhaps because they were euthanized).

That's not surprising because Meeple Like Us is financially supported only by my own wallet, and there is a selection bias at play.

The Irascibles (irascible meaning to be easily angered) was a group of American abstract artists that protested against the conservative bias in the selections for a national contemporary art competition held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.

The open letter, signed by a few of the participants at the Artists» Session, and protesting the Metropolitan Museum of Art for its anti-abstract bias in the selection of painters for the exhibit American Painting Today 1950 is published in The New York Times.

I also stumbled on Guy Pearse's lecture on this (below) and find it hard to refute (of course there's selection bias by me because this was my concern from the get - go).

My impression from outside is that the statistical analyses are weak, the climate models are simplistic and overinfluenced by selection and publication biases, the theoretic underpinning is extraordinarily shakey and the belief engine is overrevved with the popularity of certain «star performers» and the Romantic desire for a Paradise Lost that never existed.

It leads to selection bias, and it often (as in the example above) is most strongly constrained by models that are not consistent with data.

We carefully studied issues raised by skeptics: biases from urban heating (we duplicated our results using rural data alone), from data selection (prior groups selected fewer than 20 percent of the available temperature stations; we used virtually 100 percent), from poor station quality (we separately analyzed good stations and poor ones) and from human intervention and data adjustment (our work is completely automated and hands - off).

It is the data that is most greatly affected by the most contentious issues: data selection bias, urban heat island, and station integrity issues.

Alternative hypotheses (cosmic rays), homogenization biases, GCM model problems, IPCC selection bias, overwrought possible consequences in the categories defined by the IPCC.

was not that warming has occurred; it was that the level of warming was not affected by station selection bias, by homogenization bias, by poor station quality.

The selections of stations made for GSN by Peterson, T.C., Daan, H. and Jones, P.D (1997), and for global monitoring and trend estimation by Jones and Moberg (2003) cited above were carefully made to avoid severe urban biases.

Something that has already been raised in this thread is that the selection of proxies might be influenced by researcher bias.

Berkeley Earth also has carefully studied issues raised by skeptics, such as possible biases from urban heating, data selection, poor station quality, and data adjustment.