The FDA traditionally has taken a product - specific approach to drug approval decisions
by focusing on the data generated and submitted
by a drug's manufacturer and balancing the benefits
against the known risks to the
individual patient.
That automation is a clear selling point for Matthew De Silva, whose company, Notable Labs, is trying to devise personalized treatments for brain cancer
by testing combinations of thousands of Food and Drug Administration — approved drugs
against each
individual patient's tumor cells.
Even if claims
against individual health care providers were likely to be successful, it should be added that tort law challenges to
individual decision - makers may not be ideal from the perspective of
patients with rare diseases as a group, as the individualized outcome in tort cases does not necessarily lead to the larger, policy change desired
by many
patients.
In Singapore, cancer is still seen as a terminal disease with little hope of recovery, and there is also a stigma
against psychological counselling and psychiatric support, facilitated
by the general stigma
against mental illness amongt both
patients and, paradoxically, healthcare professionals.67 Furthermore, a family - centred model of decision - making tends to be predominant in Asian populations, 68 and in Singapore this is further encouraged
by public policy such as healthcare subsidies that are based on a calculation of the immediate family's total income, rather than
individual income.69 Beliefs or expectations of the role that the family caregiver ought to play may thus exist and may influence the way
individuals respond to the intervention.