Sentences with phrase «by spatial patterns»

Further evidence is provided by spatial patterns of temperature change.

Hughes et al 2017 «Global warming and recurrent mass bleaching of corals» «The distinctive geographic footprints of recurrent bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef in 1998, 2002 and 2016 were determined by the spatial pattern of sea temperatures in each year.

Not exact matches

For example, children classify objects (stacking blocks by shape or sorting them by color); measure things («This cloth isn't big enough to cover the table»); count just about anything (coins, candy, people, toys, and so on); transform objects (stretching dough and making a flat circular shape); recognize patterns and shapes (building a symmetrical structure by putting a two unit block over two blocks); and explore spatial relations (finding a location or following directions).

The standard definition of normal visual acuity (20/20 or 6/6 vision) is the ability to resolve a spatial pattern separated by a visual angle of one minute of arc.

The researchers call the pattern they observed «spatial independence» and believe it stems from random spatial processes, including seed dispersal by animals.

It starts with data from the Department of Defense on local incidence of influenza - like illness combined with laboratory - verified cases of influenza and adds a spatial element by incorporating information from Census data on commuting patterns.

Analyzing the spatial patterns of the sightings, they found that Whooping Cranes prefer habitat that includes a mix of croplands and wetlands and are more attracted by a single large wetland basin than multiple smaller basins.

«By refining the spatial pattern of mass loss in the world's second largest — and most unstable — ice sheet, and learning how that pattern has evolved, we are steadily increasing our understanding of ice loss processes, which will lead to better - informed projections of sea level rise.»

The spatial patterns of forest harvesting intensity were well explained by forest - resource related variables (i.e., the share of plantation species, growing stock, forest cover), site conditions (i.e., topography, accessibility), and country - specific characteristics, whereas socioeconomic variables were less important.

«Coarse textures are reflected in the spatial pattern of responses by one set of receptors, but that's only a small part of the story,» said the study's senior author, Sliman Bensmaia, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy at the University of Chicago.

By looking beyond the single archaeological site and instead focusing on settlement patterns, regions, and the surrounding landscape archaeologists are able to look at large - scale spatial and temporal patterns of social organization, land use, and their environmental impact.

As participants passed by a particular store, the researchers correlated their spatial memory of that location with the pattern of place cell activation recorded.

In other words, the time spent by fish in the vicinity of the two prototypes was compared to detect the role of the robotic fish color pattern on fish spatial preference.

Examination of the geographical distribution of the differences in 0 to 700 m heat content between the 1977 — 1981 and 1965 — 1969 pentads and the 1986 — 1990 and 1977 — 1981 pentads shows that the pattern of heat content change has spatial scales of entire ocean basins and is also found in similar analyses by Ishii et al. (2006).

Citation: Goossens HHLM, van Opstal AJ (2012) Optimal Control of Saccades by Spatial - Temporal Activity Patterns in the Monkey Superior Colliculus.

At the regional level, asymmetry patterns of CT and CSA were marked by a spatial overlap of both concordant and opposite CT and CSA asymmetries.

Spatial intelligence, one of Gardner's eight identified strands of intelligence, is defined by him as the ability to recognize and employ patterns of varying degrees of space.

PRODUCT PERKS Explore numbers, patterns, measurement, grouping, and more with this set of colorful tiles Tiles can supplement lessons in counting, addition, subraction, grouping, pattern matching, and more Four vibrant colors (red, blue, yellow, and green) Soft, durable, and quiet foam material WHAT TO TEACH Sorting - Sort the Color Tiles into unique groups Patterns - Create patterns using Color Tiles One More and One Less - Comparing numbers 1 through 10 Number Sense - Exploring the numbers 0 through 10 Make Ten - Increasing number sense by investigating the combination of Color Tiles needed to make a train of 10 tiles Addition - Developing the concept of addition Measuring - Take common objects for size comparison and estimate which object is longer Fractions - Introduce fractions Probability - Investigate probability Logical Thinking - Exploring problem solving and spatial reasoning RESOURCES Learning About... Color Tiles INCLUDES 400 Foam Color Tiles 1 Storage cpatterns, measurement, grouping, and more with this set of colorful tiles Tiles can supplement lessons in counting, addition, subraction, grouping, pattern matching, and more Four vibrant colors (red, blue, yellow, and green) Soft, durable, and quiet foam material WHAT TO TEACH Sorting - Sort the Color Tiles into unique groups Patterns - Create patterns using Color Tiles One More and One Less - Comparing numbers 1 through 10 Number Sense - Exploring the numbers 0 through 10 Make Ten - Increasing number sense by investigating the combination of Color Tiles needed to make a train of 10 tiles Addition - Developing the concept of addition Measuring - Take common objects for size comparison and estimate which object is longer Fractions - Introduce fractions Probability - Investigate probability Logical Thinking - Exploring problem solving and spatial reasoning RESOURCES Learning About... Color Tiles INCLUDES 400 Foam Color Tiles 1 Storage cPatterns - Create patterns using Color Tiles One More and One Less - Comparing numbers 1 through 10 Number Sense - Exploring the numbers 0 through 10 Make Ten - Increasing number sense by investigating the combination of Color Tiles needed to make a train of 10 tiles Addition - Developing the concept of addition Measuring - Take common objects for size comparison and estimate which object is longer Fractions - Introduce fractions Probability - Investigate probability Logical Thinking - Exploring problem solving and spatial reasoning RESOURCES Learning About... Color Tiles INCLUDES 400 Foam Color Tiles 1 Storage cpatterns using Color Tiles One More and One Less - Comparing numbers 1 through 10 Number Sense - Exploring the numbers 0 through 10 Make Ten - Increasing number sense by investigating the combination of Color Tiles needed to make a train of 10 tiles Addition - Developing the concept of addition Measuring - Take common objects for size comparison and estimate which object is longer Fractions - Introduce fractions Probability - Investigate probability Logical Thinking - Exploring problem solving and spatial reasoning RESOURCES Learning About... Color Tiles INCLUDES 400 Foam Color Tiles 1 Storage container

Tina Frank «s video — shown here as a large scale double - projection — focuses on the threshold of spatial perception: yellow and black patterns contract and unfold like a chromographic pendulum to pulsating rhythms by Florian Hecker.

However, none of these issues really affect the attribution argument because a) differences in magnitude of forcing over time are assessed by way of the scales in the attribution process, and b) errors in the spatial pattern will end up in the residuals, which are not large enough to change the overall assessment.

It might have an ENSO / PDO style spatial pattern as shown by Trenberth.

Our results provide a nearly complete assessment of the spatial pattern in mass flux and mass change along the coast of Antarctica, glacier by glacier, with lower error bounds than in previous incomplete surveys, and a delineation of areas of changes versus areas of near stability.

To get a sense of the mix of whaling - era data, tracking and modeling used to estimate past blue whale abundance, read this PloS ONE paper by an overlapping research team from last year: «Estimating Historical Eastern North Pacific Blue Whale Catches Using Spatial Calling Patterns.»

Assuming the spatial patterns of the warming shown by the GISS LOTI data are close to being correct, then the differences with the lower troposphere data appear to show that lower troposphere temperature data would be of questionable value for infilling the HADCRUT4 data.

The spatial pattern of BRDF retrievals shows that urban, suburban, and interurban regions exhibit directional scattering that is well modeled by the geometric optics of shadow casting.

«Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Ship Traffic in the Canadian Arctic from 1990 to 2015,» by Jackie Dawson, Larissa Pizzolato, Stephen E.L. Howell, Luke Copland, Margaret E. Johnston.

By investigating changes in the food web, particularly foraging and spatial patterns of seal populations, we can compare with historic samples and changes seen in the West Antarctic.

Presented by Norman Shippee at the American Meteorological Society's 97th Annual Meeting in January, 2017: CanSIPS reproduces the overall spatial pattern of cyclone track density found in ERA - Interim.

Uninitialized simulations of the twentieth century driven by anthropogenic and other external forcings lack the ocean heat transport variations that contributed to the magnitude and spatial patterns of observed sea ice loss.

Fortunately, by combining information about the spatial patterns of the anthropogenic and natural climate variations, it is possible to draw some conclusions.

By examining the spatial pattern of both types of climate variation, the scientists found that the anthropogenic global warming signal was relatively spatially uniform over the tropical oceans and thus would not have a large effect on the atmospheric circulation, whereas the PDO shift in the 1990s consisted of warming in the tropical west Pacific and cooling in the subtropical and east tropical Pacific, which would enhance the existing sea surface temperature difference and thus intensify the circulation.

We analyze spatial patterns of precipitation globally associated with forest loss by calculating shifts in the global tropical precipitation band, the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), associated with changes in cross-equatorial atmospheric heat transport using equation 2.21 from [33].

The simulated three - dimensional spatial pattern of the temperature changes induced by increasing concentrations of a well - mixed greenhouse gas, such as carbon dioxide, is complicated and varies from model to model, but one common aspect is the tendency for the lower to mid-troposphere to warm more rapidly than the surface, except over high latitudes.

There is new information that lack of sea ice causes storms to produce larger waves and more coastal erosion.5 An additional contributing factor is that coastal bluffs that were «cemented» by permafrost are beginning to thaw in response to warmer air and ocean waters, and are therefore more vulnerable to erosion.22 Standard defensive adaptation strategies to protect coastal communities from erosion such as use of rock walls, sandbags, and riprap have been largely unsuccessful.23 There remains considerable uncertainty, however, about the spatial patterns of future coastal erosion.

Spatial trend patterns differ for the warm and cold extremes, with the warm extremes showing continuous positive trends across the globe and the cold extremes exhibiting a coherent cooling pattern across the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes that has emerged in the recent 15 years and is not reproduced by the models.

One aspect of Roy Spencer's work is that internal random oscillations of things like surface ocean temperature spatial patterns (affected by winds) which can affect clouds could have a forcing effect that could easily be mistaken for climate sensitivity to external forcing.

Spatial autocorrelation (SAC) in the observed trend pattern is removed from the residuals by a well - specified explanatory model.

The General Circulation Models (GCM) driving the regional models chosen are rated in the top 25 %, according to a performance evaluation of CMIP5 models carried out by Perez et al. (2014), in their ability to reproduce spatial patterns and climate variability over the north - east Atlantic region, that is the most influential on the European weather patterns.

This spatial pattern has been attributed to a trend towards the positive phase of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM)(e.g. Thompson and Solomon 2002; Marshall 2007), the leading mode of variability in the extra-tropical atmospheric circulation, characterized by atmospheric pressure anomalies of opposite sign between the polar latitudes and the mid-latitudes.

«How can we use the spatial pattern of the surface temperature evolution to help determine how much of the warming over the past century was forced by increases in the well - mixed greenhouse gases (WMGGs: CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCs), assuming as little as possible about the non-WMGG forcing and internal variability.»

Because some ecosystems and perturbation types operate on different spatial and temporal scales, we looked at each variable type by each perturbation and ecosystem type separately and still found no patterns.

However, as shown by the independent results of Australian surface temperature produced by international datasets, the temporal and spatial patterns analysed from the Bureau's implementation of ACORN - SAT are reproducible.

As Mike noted, we should stay focused on the suite of (very interesting and) important scientific questions raised by this post — especially those related to the idea of spatial / temporal patterns of climate data in relation to concepts and models of their likely physical causes.

DelSole et al. (28) also found 2.5 cycles by extracting the spatial pattern in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Fourth Assessment Report (IPCC AR4)(29) model control runs that best characterizes internal variability and by projecting the observed global data onto this pattern.

«The U.S. has seen a 20 percent increase in oil and gas production and a nine-fold increase in shale gas production from 2002 to 2014, but the spatial pattern of the methane increase seen by GOSAT does not clearly point to these sources.

Sampling errors estimated from different reanalyses and from seasonal forecasts yield qualitatively comparable spatial patterns, in which the actual values of uncertainties are controlled by the magnitudes of synoptic variability.

These range from simple averaging of regional data and scaling of the resulting series so that its mean and standard deviation match those of the observed record over some period of overlap (Jones et al., 1998; Crowley and Lowery, 2000), to complex climate field reconstruction, where large - scale modes of spatial climate variability are linked to patterns of variability in the proxy network via a multivariate transfer function that explicitly provides estimates of the spatio - temporal changes in past temperatures, and from which large - scale average temperature changes are derived by averaging the climate estimates across the required region (Mann et al., 1998; Rutherford et al., 2003, 2005).

Pattern correlation - based detection studies account for spatial auto - correlation implicitly by comparing the observed pattern correlation with values that are realised in long control simulations (see Wigley et al.,Pattern correlation - based detection studies account for spatial auto - correlation implicitly by comparing the observed pattern correlation with values that are realised in long control simulations (see Wigley et al.,pattern correlation with values that are realised in long control simulations (see Wigley et al., 2000).

We find that over a wide range of values of diapycnal diffusivity and Southern Ocean winds, and with a variety of changes in surface boundary conditions, the spatial patterns of ocean temperature anomaly are nearly always determined as much or more by the existing heat reservoir redistribution than by the nearly passive uptake of temperature due to changes in the surface boundary conditions.

Find blogs on how ecological processes and patterns are affected by individual variation and spatial structure, and how these in turn affect the evolution of species embedded in large, complex networks of interacting species in a changing world.