Sentences with phrase «by specific tumor»

«We searched for genes that are occasionally deleted in some cancers but which are retained in cancers caused by specific tumor suppressing genes, such as PTEN,» said Di Zhao, Ph.D., Odyssey postdoctoral fellow in Cancer Biology and first author on the Nature paper.

Not exact matches

Currently marketed for research use by Biofluidica, the test's microfluidic channels use specific cancer antibodies to detect capture circulating tumor cells.

Currently, rising blood levels of prostate - specific antigen (PSA), a protein made by the prostate gland, are used as indicators of tumor recurrence.

Researchers used tissue and blood samples to show that the gammopathy (a precursor to myeloma) in both mice and patients with Gaucher disease is triggered by specific lipids, and that the antibodies made by tumor cells in nearly a third of myeloma patients are directed against such lipids.

«Just as normal cells with the same genome differentiate into many different cell types, a single tumor characterized by specific genetic mutations can contain many different types of cells — stem - like and more differentiated cells — with the difference being rooted in their epigenetic information.

By focusing on these genes that are «awakened» in tumors, the researchers have shown that in almost all cancers, tens of specific genes in the germline and the placenta are aberrantly activated.

In principle, an attack by such T - cells on tumors should be particularly powerful as well as highly tumor - specific and thus sparing of healthy cells.

A randomized phase III trial finding that a new monoclonal antibody, elotuzumab, added to standard therapy, extended the duration of remission for patients with relapsed multiple myeloma by about five months Findings from two phase III studies showing that children with Wilms tumor who have a specific chromosomal abnormality do better with a more intensive, augmented chemotherapy regimen

Hoping to cash in on personalized cancer therapy, a new company called Foundation Medicine — founded in part by genome guru Eric Lander of the Broad Institute — plans to develop tests for genetic glitches in tumors that make them vulnerable to specific drugs, reports the United Kingdom's Times Online.

«The finding that certain cell signaling lipids change the activity of an oncogenic Ras protein, suggests that we might be able to interfere with tumor progression by inhibiting the enzymes which make the specific cell signaling lipid in cells,» Buck said.

Scientists identified the specific proteins secreted by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii that cause the immune system in mice to attack established ovarian tumors.

Some cell types were not killed by treatment with PAL, suggesting it could be used as a specific tumor therapy.

«But we can interrupt the specific molecular pathways that are being co-opted by the tumor.»

«Cancers evade immunotherapy by «discarding the evidence» of tumor - specific mutations: Discovery could explain widespread acquired resistance among patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade drugs.»

Coupled with a review of these results by experts on a molecular tumor board, the opportunity exists to identify novel therapies that would target specific abnormalities,» notes senior author of the work, Shridar Ganesan, MD, PhD, associate director for translational science at Rutgers Cancer Institute and associate professor of medicine and pharmacology at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School.

However, despite this success, the use of immunotherapy remains limited by the scarcity of tumor - specific antigens — substances that can trigger an immune system response to a particular type of cancer.

Pierre Coulie and Thierry Boon, [i] and Thomas Wölfel [ii] show that human T lymphocytes recognize antigens caused by driver278 or passenger279 tumor - specific mutations.

[i] Romero P, Dunbar PR, Valmori D, Pittet M, Ogg GS, Rimoldi D, Chen JL, Lienard D, Cerottini JC, Cerundolo V. Ex vivo staining of metastatic lymph nodes by class I major histocompatibility complex tetramers reveals high numbers of antigen - experienced tumor - specific cytolytic T lymphocytes.

Targeting IFN - alpha to B cell lymphoma by a tumor - specific antibody elicits potent antitumor activities.

Only three genes (TP53, PIK3CA, and GATA3) were mutated in 10 % or more of all tumors; grouping them by gene expression (intrinsic) subtype uncovered a number of subtype - specific events.

Being both tumor - specific and widely expressed in human tumors, MAGE - A3 is an ideal cancer vaccine target and will be the focus of many clinical trials, including the largest clinical trial ever conducted in lung cancer, MAGRIT, launched by GlaxoSmithKline in 2007.

Bogen B. Peripheral T cell tolerance as a tumor escape mechanism: deletion of CD4 + T cells specific for a monoclonal immunoglobulin idiotype secreted by a plasmacytoma.

Similarly, antigen - specific CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells also suppress tumor - specific CD8 T cell cytotoxicity although this mechanism relies on TGF - β secretion by regulatory cells 196, 197.

Lloyd Old, Thierry Boon, and colleagues develop the TNF release assay for mouse systems in which release of TNF by T cells could be used to assess specific T cell recognition, facilitating the cloning of human tumor antigens.

Chen, also an expert in the processes by which genes are turned on and off, has pioneered cutting - edge organoid systems that recreate prostate tumors and will allow the team to much more easily test the activity of various drugs against tumors with specific mutations.

Oncologists will potentially be able to use the results to pair patients with the most effective drugs for their tumors, and researchers may improve clinical trial results by selecting those patients most likely to respond to a specific drug based on the mutations in their prostate tumors.

Coukos, who is currently leading an ovarian cancer clinical trial sponsored by CRI's Clinical Accelerator, sought to understand why PD - 1 / PD - L1 immunotherapies are often ineffective for these patients, even though ovarian tumors are often infiltrated by «killer» T cells that recognize tumor - specific neoantigens and express high levels of PD - 1.

So, the researchers forced expression of a dominant - negative TGF - β receptor type 2 (DNRII) onto LMP - specific T cells (DNRII - LSTs) that were specially designed to seek out and destroy proteins derived from the Epstein - Barr virus expressed by the tumor cells.

He points out that tumors in plants are caused by very specific changes in plant hormones, which would probably not affect humans.

To further confirm the alteration of DDX3 expression in cancer specimens, the expression profiles of DDX3 were examined in normal - tumor paired HCC samples by immunohistochemical staining analysis using specific anti-DDX3 antibody.

A specific codon (34) in U2AF1 harbored missense mutations in multiple AML tumors, suggesting a gain - of - function for the splicing factor encoded by that gene.

Mutated proteins presented by MHC class I molecules are known to represent one class of tumor - specific antigens (TSAs) for CD8 + T - cells.

By means of a non-obese diabetic / severe combined immunodeficiency disease (NOD / SCID) xenotransplant assay in combination with specific cell surface markers (CD44 + CD24 - / low), CSCs were enriched from metastatic and primary breast tumors and were shown to have the ability to reestablish tumor heterogeneity after transplantation [1].

Brain tumors fly under the radar of the body's defense forces by coating their cells with extra amounts of a specific protein, new research shows.

Since therapy is increasingly guided by the genetic aberrations in tumors, Herlyn and his colleagues are developing combinations of compounds that take into account the genetic signature of tumors, with the specific goal of individualized cancer therapy.

The second test, DarwinOncoTreat, homes in on the entire complement of master regulator proteins responsible for launching and maintaining a specific tumor, to predict the drugs that, by interfering with these proteins, will most likely benefit the patient.

The company's lead candidate, GLN - 1001, is a first - in - class, orally available oncolytic small molecule, currently being developed as a potentially disease modifying therapy for glioblastoma by targeting specific vulnerabilities in tumor cells.

Drug from Mediterranean Weed Kills Tumor Cells Scientists at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, working with Danish researchers, have developed a novel anticancer drug designed to travel — undetected by normal cells — through the bloodstream until activated by specific cancer proteins.

Although they have distinct mechanisms of action, the lead agents from both platforms — CMB305 and G100 — where designed to convert «cold» tumors, or those without CTLs, to «hot» tumors, or those with CTLs specific for the antigens expressed by the tumor.

We have found that tumor cells in the circulation can mimic the physical mechanisms used by white blood cells to traffic through the body and adhere to the blood vessel wall, and we have explored strategies to interrupt this metastasis process by targeting specific adhesion receptors.

Matsuzaki J, Gnjatic S, Mhawech - Fauceglia P, Beck A, Miller A, Tsuji T, Eppolito C, Qian F, Lele S, Shrikant P, Old LJ, Odunsi K. (2010) NY - ESO - 1 specific tumor infiltrating CD8 + T cells in human ovarian cancer: negative regulation by LAG - 3 and PD - 1.

Trautmann L, Labarrière N, Jotereau F, Karanikas V, Gervois N, Connerotte T, Coulie P, Bonneville M. Dominant TCR Va usage by virus and tumor reactive T cells with wide affinity ranges for their specific antigens.

The accuracy of next - generation sequencing (NGS) for detecting tumor - specific mutations in plasma DNA is hindered by errors introduced during PCR / sequencing, base substitutions caused by DNA damage, and pre-existing mutations in normal cells that are present at a low frequency.

«To our knowledge, this is the first naked RNA nanoparticles to have been comprehensively examined pharmacologically in vivo and demonstrated to be safe, as well as deliver itself to tumor tissues by a specific targeting mechanism,» he says.

In melanoma, an increase in overall mutational and neoantigen load — novel tumor - specific antigens that can be recognized by the immune system — was associated with clinical benefit from checkpoint blockade.

Instead of targeting specific tumor antigens, this approach relies on endogenous antigens (including neoantigens) released during tumor lysis by treatments such as chemotherapy or local radiation.

They do, however, play a key role in helping to boost the anti-tumor immune response by: (1) expanding the number and improving the function of existing CTLs that are specific to the same tumor antigen; and (2) providing help to other immune cells, including B lymphocytes that are precursors to antibodies and natural killer (NK) cells that are also important in the overall anti-tumor immune response.

By exploiting these differences, scientists have developed therapies that target specific tumor types, and these targeted therapies have proven useful against most breast cancers.

Different types of tumors are formed by specific kinds of microbes.

The drug within the tumor is activated by a specific wavelength of light to generate intracellular oxygen and lead to death of cells and / or loss of blood supply.