It is claimed these new plantations can be created across «marginal» and «degraded» land in «which the occupants are not engaged in economic
activity», meaning land used
by subsistence farmers, pastoralists, hunters and gatherers and others not producing commodities for the mass market.
But proponents of indigenous rights and cultural integrity tend to see it as causing cultural erosion, with the attendant negative impacts to the ecologies that have been cared for
by local cultures forever, precisely through their
subsistence activities.