Sentences with phrase «by sunspot»

The latter half of the twentieth century saw the most intense solar magnetic field (by sunspot number proxy) in the past 400 years since sunspot records began.

This region reflects radio waves with frequencies up to about 35 megahertz; the exact value depends on the peak amount of the electron concentration, typically 106 electrons per cubic centimetre, though with large variations caused by the sunspot cycle.

What if, for example, global warming isn't tied to CO2 but to cloud cover that is influenced in part by sunspot activity on the sun.

The correlation between the two quantities is 0.85 with p < 0.01 for the whole period studied.It could therefore be concluded that both the decreasing correlation between sunspot number and geomagnetic activity, and the deviation of the global temperature long - term trend from solar activity as expressed by sunspot index are due to the increased number of high - speed streams of solar wind on the declining phase and in the minimum of sunspot cycle in the last decades.»

«It could therefore be concluded that both the decreasing correlation between sunspot number and geomagnetic activity, and the deviation of the global temperature temperature long - term trend from solar activity as expressed by the sunspot index are due to the increased number of high speed streams of solar wind on the decreasing phase and the minimum of sunspot in the last decade.»

This is shown, among others, by the sunspot data (Fig. 1) as well as measurements of the solar luminosity from satellites (Fig. 2).

The dimming that takes place when a planet moves in front of a star is not quite so dramatic when it passes over a portion of the surface marred by a sunspot.

In the original graph, there was a gap in the solar activity line between 1600 and 1700 because there were no sunspots at this time, as confirmed by sunspot records.

At times of maximum solar activity, the magnetic ferment represented by sunspots frequently releases and leaps across space to Earth — to foment magnetic storms that disrupt communications networks and light the polar skies with auroral displays.

Nov. 23, 2017: On Nov. 22nd, the face of the sun was unblemished by sunspots, and NOAA classified solar activity as «very low.»

Since the solar UV irradiance has no long - term trend, the mechanism for the secular change of TSI must differ from the effect of surface magnetism, as manifested by sunspots, faculae, and network which indeed explain well the intra-cycle variability of both total and spectral irradiance.

Some people wonder if the reason the sea ice is declining and the planet is warming can be explained by sunspots, which are related to variations in the Sun's energy output over time.

Not exact matches

The challenge for Kepler — or more specifically, for Jenkins's software — is to tease out brightness changes caused by the passage of a planet and to distinguish them from all the normal stellar variations, such as flares and star spots (the stellar equivalent of sunspots) or even nearby eclipsing stars.

It's also possible that the beginning of the next 11 - year solar cycle — which is marked by the emergence of dark blemishes called sunspots at high solar latitudes — may simply be delayed by a few years, rather than shut down for decades.

David Barriopedro at the University of Lisbon, Portugal, and colleagues were intrigued by studies showing the tides followed an 11 - year cycle, just like the sun, showing peaks when the sunspots were most abundant.

However, in light of our substantiation of the effects of «grand solar minima» upon past global climates, it could be speculated that the current pausing of «Global Warming», which is frequently referenced by those sceptical of climate projections by the IPCC, might relate at least in part to a countervailing effect of reduced solar activity, as shown in the recent sunspot cycle.»

Astronomers at the Mount Wilson Observatory sketch sunspots every day, continuing a tradition started by Galileo.

Nearly all the activity scientists see on the sun's surface — sunspots, flares, coronal mass ejections — is governed by mysterious twists and turns in the field.

The Sun's activity — including changes in the number of sunspots, levels of radiation and ejection of material - varies on an eleven - year cycle, driven by changes in its magnetic field.

This period was characterized by a reduction in sunspots and other solar activity, long winters, cool summers, and consequentially slow, even tree growth.

The most spectacular consequence of this discovery is the ability to detect sunspots on the unseen side of the star — a possibility first broached by Douglas Braun and Charles Lindsey, solar researchers at NorthWest Research Associates in Boulder, more than 10 years ago.

Usually our star follows a predictable pattern, becoming more and less active (as measured by flares, sunspots, and magnetic storms) on an 11 - year cycle.

Not a cloud crossed the powder blue sky, allowing a spectacular view of a surprisingly large sunspot group followed by several ruby red prominences during totality.

Now astrophysicists from the Niels Bohr Institute have observed a distant star in the constellation Andromeda with a different positioning of sunspots and this indicates a magnetic field that is driven by completely different internal dynamics.

The sunspot cycle of our own sun (main image), by contrast, waxes and wanes every 11 years.

Sunspots are cool areas and by studying the wavelengths you can construct a map of the surface temperature.

This include flares and CMEs, as well as other features that might indicate that flares or eruptions are imminent, such as filaments, which are bundles of plasma held down by magnetic field lines, coronal loops and sunspots.

Did the sun have a temper tantrum, throwing off enough heat and radiation to make today's sunspots and coronal mass ejections look like hiccups by comparison?

Astronomers working with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey have used a 2.5 - meter telescope at the Apache Point Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico, to map the location of more than 930,000 nearby galaxies, determining the distance to each by how much the expansion of the universe has stretched, or «redshifted,» the wavelength of the galaxy's light.

A sunspot is a region on the Sun's surface (photosphere) that is marked by a lower temperature than its surroundings and intense magnetic activity, which inhibits convection, forming areas of low surface temperature.

A team led by solar physicist Haimin Wang of the New Jersey Institute of Technology in Newark tracked a batch of sunspots on 20 February with a telescope at the Big Bear Solar Observatory near San Bernardino, California.

Dumusque filtered the data by removing any periodic signals, such as dark sunspots, that synced up with the rotation of the star.

The solar record has been extended by the use of the historical sunspot records already mentioned.

Sunspot activity, which ebbs and flows on an 11 - year cycle, decreases the cosmic ray flux by periodically increasing the solar wind — a stream of charged particles emitted by the sun.

The acknowledged role of sunspots and cosmic rays in forming clouds has been fertile ground for climate deniers, who have cast doubt on whether anthropogenic climate change (in other words, change caused by humans) is occurring at all.

Interestingly, an NSF - funded study also found that the Earth is bombarded by high speeds of solar energy during even quiet phases, called the solar minimum, when sunspots are fewer or have disappeared.

Another team led by William Livingston, also of the National Solar Observatory, has observed magnetic fields necessary to produce sunspots steadily weakening for the past 13 years.

The pattern is of a slow rise in the number of neutrinos arriving, followed by a more rapid decline over the four years during which sunspot activity rises to its peak.

By studying the sun's inner workings, researchers hope to understand what drives sunspots and flares — the blemishes and eruptions triggered by magnetic fields punching through the surfacBy studying the sun's inner workings, researchers hope to understand what drives sunspots and flares — the blemishes and eruptions triggered by magnetic fields punching through the surfacby magnetic fields punching through the surface.

Prompted by a claim made by Davis's group several years ago that there is a strange correlation between the Homestake data and sunspot activity, McNutt compared 19 years of the IMP - 8 measurements with those from Homestake.

He first used it to observe the moon and see the shadows cast by its mountains and craters; he went on to catalogue sunspots; and he discovered the four largest moons of Jupiter — Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto — that are now known as the Galilean moons in his honor.

«At Queen's, we have now led a team to detect and pinpoint the heat produced by Alfvén waves in a sunspot.

Two days later the region remains astir, marked by what appears to be a pair of sunspots [see upper left in photo above], still out of view from Earth.

The recent work published in Nature Physics reveals first - time evidence for how a rare breed of magnetic waves, which originate within the centre of sunspots, can form shockwaves that heat the surrounding plasma by thousands of degrees.

Drawing by Valderrama of the solar flare he observed on 10 September 1886 on a sunspot (with the penumbra shown with hashed lines and the umbra in black).

It is elongated due to its proximity to the limb... by looking at it carefully I noticed an extraordinary phenomenon on her, on the penumbra to the west of the nucleus, and almost in contact with it, a very bright object was distinguishable producing a shadow clearly visible on the sunspot penumbra.

The extraordinary cold spell was probably strengthened and lengthened by the resulting increase in sea ice at high latitudes, as well as an unusually low number of sunspots in the middle of the 7th century.

This meant the team could make hundreds of detailed observations of each shock wave by observing how it distorted the pattern of sunspots.

Some solar wind gusts («coronal mass ejections») are caused by explosions near sunspots, others are caused by holes in the Sun's atmosphere («coronal holes») that spew solar wind streams into interplanetary space.

It is found that the El Niño — Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is driven not only by the seasonal heating, but also by three more external periodicities (incommensurate to the annual period) associated with the ~ 18.6 - year lunar - solar nutation of the Earth rotation axis, ~ 11 - year sunspot activity cycle and the ~ 14 - month Chandler wobble in the Earth's pole motion.