Sentences with phrase «by synapses»

Neurons: They transmit information along the nervous system, connected by synapses.

The ratio of amyloid - beta 40/42 is improved by synapses transferring information in spike bursts.

Retinas are built of a stack of different types of neurons, each connected by synapses that transmit signals from photoreceptors to the brain.

Another physiologist would find that these were controlled by a chain of neurons from the brain connected by synapses.

Human thoughts and actions are caused by synapses firing in the brain.

Not exact matches

«Throughout your brain there is a collection of synapses separated by empty space called the synaptic cleft.

And it does this by attempting to fire the same synapses in your own brain so that you can attempt to relate to the emotion you're observing.

Searle is critical of the vulgar reductionism by which mind is exhaustively explained by reference to neural synapses in the pound of thinking meat that is the brain.

Those jolts are electrochemical responses in your synapses that are caused by levels of things like seratonin, oxytocin, endorphins, and the like.

Of course, they do not really believe that their ideas are exhaustively explained either by neurological synapses or by environmental conditioning.

By age 2, toddlers have more than 100 trillion synapses, the most they'll ever have in their life.

This period of «synaptic exuberance» can last until age 8, but it's also accompanied by the constant pruning of unused synapses.

By age 3, your baby's brain is about 80 percent of it's adult size and has twice as many synapses as an adult brain.

When this series of events occur repeatedly, the particular neurons are then linked together by connections, called synapses.

Brain synapses, networks and circuits are created by the experiences that a baby has.

The number of synapses doubles between eighteen and twenty - eight weeks of pregnancy, again by birth at around forty weeks of pregnancy, and yet again by the time the baby is eight months old.

«By comparison, autism - linked brains are more immature, with fewer synapses,» he says.

Every one of us has about 100 billion neurons, separated by gaps called synapses.

Thus, both the structural changes and the synaptic facilitation of Aplysia sensorimotor synapses accompanying long - term behavioral sensitization can be produced in vitro by applying a single facilitating transmitter repeatedly.

The affected mitochondria could no longer provide the synapses with enough energy, which ultimately prevented the synapses from functioning — providing the first direct link between cellular injury caused by amyloid protein and the characteristic breakdown of neuronal communication that occurs in Alzheimer's patients.

By creating such markers, though, neuroscientists can actually make movies of synapses at work.

«We think these molecules are important for limiting connections,» she adds, noting that if synapses are too malleable they can set off a host of problems, ranging from shaky brain circuits to seizures, which are caused by excessive neuronal firing.

This long - term enhancement was spatially restricted to synapses from active presynaptic fibers and appeared to involve mechanisms utilized by LTP, occluding the subsequent induction of LTP by strong tetanic stimulation.

The researchers, led by Lior Appelbaum and Philippe Mourrain of Stanford University, tagged the larvae neurons with a dye so that active neuron connections, or synapses, appeared green, whereas inactive ones appeared black.

For example, cocaine also can elevate the levels of serotonin in the minute spaces around brain synapses by blocking the serotonin transporter, a «nanovacuum cleaner» normally involved in whisking serotonin away to limit its actions.

It plays an important role in reducing the excitability of neurons by binding to receptors that act on synapses.

Last month, researchers led by Beth Stevens of Boston Children's Hospital reported that a process in which microglia prune excess synapses in the brain during early life can turn on inappropriately later on, possibly triggering Alzheimer's or other disorders marked by damage to connections between brain cells.

At Stanford, a team led by neurobiologist Ben Barres discovered that synapses in the developing brain produce two other immune proteins, C1q and C3, associated elsewhere in the body with complement proteins, which work in concert with antibodies to destroy invading microbes.

It contains an estimated 100 billion neurons, connected to one another by a million billion synapses.

Using new theoretical results and experiments on neuronal cultures, a group of scientists, led by Prof. Ido Kanter, of the Department of Physics and the Gonda (Goldschmied) Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center at Bar - Ilan University, has demonstrated that the central assumption for nearly 70 years that learning occurs only in the synapses is mistaken.

Traditional LTP is regulated by the activation of special proteins at synapses called NMDA receptors.

In both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems, neurons are connected to each other by chemical or electrical synapses.

Most recently, a technology called optogenetics has allowed experimenters to toggle entire brain circuits «on» or «off» by shining laser light on genetically modified synapses.

Allen previously discovered a class of proteins secreted by astrocytes that help neurons form active connections, known as synapses.

1 billion Number of neurons, linked by 10 trillion synapses, in a brain simulation developed by IBM and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, running on the Dawn supercomputer.

Memory is experience, he says, a neurohormonal event that cascades through the brain and, when accompanied by powerful emotions, is burned into synapses.

Nerve cells in the brain, or neurons, are known to communicate among themselves by transmitting electrical signals, aided by chemical signaling at the synapses connecting the neurons.

These results show that the formation of new synapses is driven by the tendency of neurons to maintain a «pre-set» electrical activity level.

«With the naked eye, we have now been able to follow the step by step events when these synapses start to break down.

«Typically, an overproduction of axons and synapses can be found during early puberty, followed by rapid pruning during later puberty, indicating that connections and communication between subcortical and cortical regions are in a highly transitional state during this period.»

These neurons and the synapses between them are supported by long, tree - shaped cells called Müller glia (in green), which may provide a new therapeutic target for treating degenerative eye diseases.

Earlier studies by Darnell and others showed that FMRP manages the production of a slew of proteins found at nerve cell connections called synapses.

Plaque hinders neuronal activity by gumming up synapses (spaces between cells through which chemical or electrical information is transmitted), eventually damaging nerve cell branches and leading to neuronal death.

By repeatedly stimulating neurons with electrodes, researchers were able to induce LTP, the strengthening of synapses.

Thus, both habituation and dishabituation can be explained in part and perhaps entirely by changes in the efficacy of specific excitatory synapses.

Kenyon cells make up only about 4 % of the entire fly brain and are extremely sensitive to inputs triggered by odors, in which only two connections between neurons, called synapses, separate them from the receptor cells at the «front end» of the olfactory system.

Partnering with Sinai and Synapses, DoSER is working with three Jewish educational institutions that are exploring science and Judaism by developing elective courses for rabbinical students, a continuing education e-course, a webinar / workshop series for rabbis, and an event featuring premier scientists and Jewish leaders.

AAAS is also consulting on a related project, Scientists in Synagogues, that is administered by Sinai and Synapses.

According to Hope, «These ensemble - specific silent synapses may be one of the mechanisms by which neuronal ensembles are modified to store memories.»

Studies of individual neurons in dishes of cultured neurons and in brain slices by co-first author Robert E. Stanley, a graduate student in the lab, revealed that neurons in the mutant mice had decreased numbers of dendritic spines, an important part of the synapses that neurons use to communicate with one another.