Indeed, some process thinkers have been influenced
by systems theory.
Brilliant minds of the order of Norbert Wiener, Claude Shannon, Warren Weaver, John Von Newman, W. Ross Ashby, and Stafford Beer, among many others, provided the conceptual structures for the multidisciplinary methodology of the systems approach.2 Incredible advances in computers, in league with sophisticated instruments of systems analysis, play an ever increasing role in shaping the life style and the world view of contemporary society along the lines suggested
by systems theory.
Not exact matches
In addition to SpaceX, the entrepreneur serves as chief executive of Tesla Motor Co., an electric car company, is chairman and co-founder of SolarCity and is working to build a high - speed «Hyperloop» transportation
system, which — in
theory — could revolutionize travel
by cutting commute time from Los Angeles to San Francisco to 30 minutes.
Financial industry norms and academic
theories — even popular beliefs — have always assumed assets saved for retirement would be systematically withdrawn — following the «4 % rule» or some other rule of thumb or
system —
by retirees in order to maintain a consistent standard of living.
Shivom's comprehensive business model leverages game
theory and network effects to establish a fully integrated healthcare service
system with long - term sustainability and the possibility for users to monetize their data,
by charging for usage»
In
theory, this should make it easy for other traders to follow my exact ETF trading strategy — but many traders have been driven mad when trying to follow my
system «
by the book.»
«In essence, it is a synthesis of the results obtained
by Greek astronomy... On the motions of the Sun, Moon, and planets, Ptolemy again extended the observations and conclusions of Hipparchus — this time to formulate his geocentric
theory, which is popularly known as the Ptolemaic
system» (15th edition, 1975, Macropaedia, Vol.
the negation of ideology, the political secularization of the doctrine of original sin, the cautious sentiment tempered
by prudence, the product of organic, local human organization observing and reforming its customs, the distaste for a priori principle disassociated from historical experience, the partaking of the mysteries of free will, divine guidance, and human agency
by existing in but not of the confusions of modern society, no framework of action, no tenet, no
theory, and no article of faith, a distrust of the
systems and processes of the idol of self and of the lust for power and status, scorn to all approaches of ideology and meta - narrative.
Resistance to the heliocentric
theory of our solar
system was
by churches afraid that this discovery would discredit God.
The
theory of societies, like modern general
systems theory, pictures a world made up of societies within societies (
systems within
systems) That is, societies do not just line up side
by side like mosaics — they form «nested hierarchies» that go from subatomic particles through cells to animal bodies, or through stars to galaxies.
Metaphysical realism, understood in a processive way, requires this triple sense of objectivity: novel human doings in need of guidance, long - enduring
systems of belief that provide the schemata of interpretation
by which that guiding can be done, and opportunistic skill in sculpting act and
theory, fact and canon, into a coherent, fruitful basis for intelligent action.
However, this
theory appeared to overlook the actual power of discipline which was carried on
by the civil magistrates in the earlier Congregational
system.
Mark Graves» book is an admirable attempt to answer these two questions, which he does largely
by drawing upon his professional acquaintance with
systems theory.
2 For an excellent survey of the history and basic concepts of
systems thought, see Joël de Rosnay, The Macroscope: A New World Scientific System (New York: Harper and Row, 1979) or Bertalanffy, «General System Theory — A Critical Review,» in Systems Behaviour, edited by John Beishon and Geoff Peters (New York: Harper and Row,
systems thought, see Joël de Rosnay, The Macroscope: A New World Scientific
System (New York: Harper and Row, 1979) or Bertalanffy, «General
System Theory — A Critical Review,» in
Systems Behaviour, edited by John Beishon and Geoff Peters (New York: Harper and Row,
Systems Behaviour, edited
by John Beishon and Geoff Peters (New York: Harper and Row, 1972).
Here he documents his application of
systems theory to world order
by listing his contributions in that area, including: A Strategy for the Future (New York: George Braziller, 1974), a Report to the Club of Rome called Goals for Mankind (New York: New American Library, 1977), and its short summary, The Inner Limits of Mankind (New York, Pergamon Press, 1978).
I find that Whitehead's exposition is question - begging and seriously misleading.4 The exposition is misleading insofar as it suggests that belief in either a specific or generic causal nexus is adequately justified
by a subject's experience of CE alone and not ultimately
by systematic considerations, particularly those related to prehension.5 If Whitehead's
theory of perception was intended to stand alone without support from the rest of his
system, as Ford suggests (EWM 181 - 182), then I claim that it is insufficiently justified insofar as a part of it, the
theory of CE, is inadequately justified.
Mathematically proved the heliocentric
theory of the solar
system) said: «The Universe has been wrought for us
by a supremely good and orderly Creator»
In other words, the
theory that is itself the most important supporting pillar for the modernist
system is itself supported
by that very
system, in a classic example of circular reasoning.
The Leninist
Theory, in which the blame for war is put upon a structure, a
system, or a «Machine,» rejects the corollary shared
by pacifisms 1 and 2 that insists upon the cultivation of personal peacefulness.
I realized not too long ago, for that
theory to fit with their
system, they would
by necessity say that being born again happened to all OT saints.
For example, the
theory of evolution is contradicted
by the existence of technically advanced pyramids that we could not even re-create today, or
by ancient hieroglyphics that depict our solar
system before Galileo ever made his discoveries, whereas these things fit perfectly well within the Christian account that acknowledges the antediluvian and / or pre-Adamic worlds.
What we have done here is (a) accept that mathematics arises from experience, (b) recognize that we can get a general idea of twoness from our experience, (c) accept constraints on our experience — what we can assert as existing and what we can construct —
by accepting some formal
system, in this case a
system defining set
theory, and (d) acknowledge that we can define precisely within that
system what we mean
by number, successor of a number and in the process twoness.
Spelled out in a lengthy lead editorial entitled «Evangelicals in the Social Struggle,» as well as in books such as Aspects of Christian Social Ethics, Henry's understanding of Christian social responsibility stressed (a) society's need for the spiritual regeneration of all men and women, (b) an interim social program of humanitarian care, ethical proclamation, and personal, structural application, and (c) a
theory of limited government centering on certain «freedom rights,» e. g., the rights to public property, free speech, and so on.18 Though the shape of this social ethic thus closely parallels that of the present editorial position of Moody Monthly, it must be distinguished from its counterpart
by the time period involved (it pushed others like Moody Monthly into a more active involvement in the social arena),
by the intensity of its commitment to social responsibility,
by the sophistication of its insight into political
theory and practice, and
by its willingness to offer structural critique on the American political
system.
Descartes suggested, with persuasive rhetoric, a
theory of the solar
system whereby the planets are carried round the sun
by vortices, but he made no calculations to see if it is true.
Nature works at every level to produce more complex and highly organised
systems and organisms from much simpler components: this is the
theory proposed and investigated
by this collection of essays.
Systems analysis, elaborate simulation techniques, automated access to central data banks, information
theory, game Theory, and the use of socio - economic models, often mathematically stated, all aided and abetted by the computer, make possible a massive application of data not hitherto pos
theory, game
Theory, and the use of socio - economic models, often mathematically stated, all aided and abetted by the computer, make possible a massive application of data not hitherto pos
Theory, and the use of socio - economic models, often mathematically stated, all aided and abetted
by the computer, make possible a massive application of data not hitherto possible.
Popper (1972) points out that, though we still believe in the repulsive forces as being electromagnetic and still hold Bohr's
theory of the periodic
system of elements in a modified form, everything else in this beautiful reduction of the universe to an electromagnetic universe with two particles of stable building blocks has
by now disintegrated.
Another theoretical physicist, Walter M. Elsasser (1966), has approached some of these problems in an original manner
by considering the number of internal configurations in which a complex
system may exist in
theory.
«The forms of a living being are not but rather come to be,» says Ludwig von Bertalanffy (BW 120), and his «organismic» biology and later general
system -
theory for overcoming the opposition between mechanism and vitalism has given central insights of Whitehead a new formulation on the basis of science, 8 Something similar holds for all the directions of research which Jean Piaget has brought to the [264] concept of genetic structuralism.9 The genetic epistemology founded
by Piaget has proved through empirical research on the problem of knowledge the fruitfulness both of genetic analysis and of Whitehead's principle of process.
That Process and Reality omits or compresses doctrines or
theories essential to the coherence and applicability of Whitehead's
system of thought is a fact generally ignored
by the traditional and genetic approaches.
Highlighting aspects of the dissent and dissociation from the Hindu
system involved in this movement is likely to add another dimension to the
theories on conversion movements in India set forth
by Oddie (1975), Webster (1976), Forrester (1977), Manikam (1977), Gladstone (1984) and Kooiman (1989) 1 While these historians observe Christian conversion movements from a purely sociological standpoint they seem to have missed the elements of protest and remonstrance involved.
In other words, religion can, for the purpose of these
theories, in principle be either reconstructed or abolished and seen as pointing to a more comprehensive theoretical
system.4
By locating religion in a larger explanatory context it gives «its public claim to validity a purely relative value».5
Metz is convinced that faith can not accept this relativization, and accordingly it is an essential task of fundamental theology... to defend, justify or give an account of the authenticity of religion, in opposition to those
systems that claim to be meta -
theories of theology».6 It can not do this
by developing a still more comprehensive overview.
These are the ideas which were first brought forward in biology
by thinkers such as Needham and Woodger (with myself acquiescing on the side - lines) under the name «Organizing Relations,» and
by Bertalanffy, who conducted a vigorous propaganda campaign on their behalf, under the name of «
Systems Theory, and finally
by Norbert Wiener, with equal fervour, as «Cybernetics.»
The world constituted for us
by this mode of experience «is in fact a secondary meta - world, in other words, a world which, in itself and in its deepest reality, bears the deep impression of many
systems and
theories and which can therefore only be experienced and possibly changed in and through these
systems and
theories».8 It is clear that Metz would like to overcome this evolutionary world and replace it, at least for Christians,
by the apocalyptic one.
2The complexity of WMES is increased
by Nobo's daring and imaginative attempt to reconcile in one general
system two basically incompatible
theories.
This idea depends on developments in general
systems theory, which views «all of nature and all of human activity as a hierarchically arranged structure of levels of interlocked subset
systems in which the process of any particular subset
system affects and is affected
by other subset
systems at its own level, as well as below or above it.»
Hence, part of the task of white process theologians is to complement the work of Black (and other liberation) theologies
by engaging in
theory - critique and proposing alternative directions for global economic
systems.
For Whitehead believes that a sensationalist
theory is
by no means necessary to a
system based on the cogito.
The application of the
theory that is guided
by this value
system has the consistent effect of destroying the community it does not value.
He goes on to note the post-Enlightenment fragmentation of the Catholic synthesis: «what for Patristic and Medieval thought was in both
theory and practice a profound unity -LSB-...] was destroyed
by systems which espoused the cause of rational knowledge sundered from faith.»
The basic
theory is that
by cutting out everything from your diet but the very healthiest and nutrient - rich produce for a few days — essentially giving your body and digestive
system a rest — your body is restored.
Family
systems theory would suggest that better outcomes may be achieved
by engaging with the most powerful family member (Furrow, 2001).
While the theoretical principles guiding the use of the NBO and the accompanying training program, include many of the conceptual themes that informed our work with the NBAS, they are influenced
by theoretical and clinical principles from the fields of infant mental health, child development, brain development, behavioral pediatrics,
systems theory, communication studies, nursing, early intervention and cultural studies, among its influences.
The interview data were analysed using «grounded
theory» style — a
system of «open coding», which involved sorting the data into analytical categories
by «breaking down, examining, comparing, conceptualizing and categorizing data» -LSB-(Strauss and Corbin, 1990), p. 61].
And secondly, if doctors are corrupted
by making money, as they are in my experience, and doctors who in
theory have a professional ethic of putting the patient first, well for Christ's sake, businessmen are going to be infinitely more corrupted and will be much more concerned about cutting corners and squeezing as much money out of the
system as possible without any deep, ethical concern for the outcome.»
Moreover, the process of democratization is more important which means how the
system evaluates itself, gets feedback (See «feedback loop» in the
theory of political
systems by David Easton) and use it as demand or support to correct itself.
In
theory the law promotes a flexible
system aimed at crafting tailored and limited solutions that meet a persons need for assistance, but in reality it has been plagued
by a lack of resources, incomplete data and a shortage of guardians.
All parties agree that a
system that simplifies the benefits
system, builds in incentives
by making work pay and, thereby, again in
theory, saves the state money in the long run
by changing cultural attitudes, must be good.
In
theory this could be interpreted to support an argument that a parliamentary party ought to have the power to elect their party leader directly, and indeed, at least historically, parliamentary
system parties» leadership electoral procedures usually called for the party's legislative caucus to fill a leadership vacancy
by electing a new leader directly
by and from amongst themselves, and for the whole succession process to be completed within as short a time frame as practical.