Sentences with phrase «by telomere»

Proteins induced by telomere dysfunction and DNA damage represent biomarkers of human aging and disease.

Further understanding of the DNA damage checkpoints induced by telomere dysfunction during aging will lend support to develop therapeutic approaches to slow down aging process and improve old organ functions.

Studies on MLSP demonstrated replicative senescence is caused by telomere loss, and telomere loss is - not - a clock counter but rather a dysfunction marker.

And would fasting regimens exerting beneficial effects be accompanied by telomere shortening in descendants?»

«A better understanding of the pathways activated by telomere fragments and their contribution to fetal membrane senescence may contribute to the design of more effective labor assessment, perhaps including preterm birth risk and direct medical interventions for labor induction or prevention.»

Voice: The 2009 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine goes to Harvard's Jack Szostak, Johns Hopkins's Carol Greider and Elizabeth Blackburn at U.C. San Francisco for their work on how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase.

Chromosomes are capped by telomeres, tightly wound strands of DNA.

Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn received the Nobel Prize in medicine in 2009 for discovering how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase, which repairs and rebuilds them.

She was aging 20 years faster than her chronological years, as measured by her telomeres.

Not exact matches

Death is explained by other scientific processes, such as protein decay, telomere shortening, lack of nutrients to keep the body going, and many other things.

In Cooper's lab, Godinho Ferreira worked to understand why telomeres function differently than deleterious chromosome ends generated by the abnormal breaking of chromosomes.

Beginning as early as this spring, the companies will offer telomere - measurement tests to research centers and companies studying the role of telomeres in aging and disease; the general public may have access by the fall through doctors and laboratories, perhaps even directly.

It does that by grabbing telomeres from other chromosomes, which makes it straight and stable again.

Researchers from several institutions, including, UCLA, Boston University, Stanford University and the Institute for Aging Research at Hebrew SeniorLife, analyzed blood samples from nearly 10,000 people to find that genetic markers in the gene responsible for keeping telomeres (tips of chromosomes) youthfully longer, did not translate into a younger biologic age as measured by changes in proteins coating the DNA.

«Telomere biology is one of the few fields that doesn't show a gender bias — and so, by frame of reference, it seems like it's dominated by women,» she says.

Not long afterward, biogerontologist Thomas von Zglinicki and his colleagues at Humboldt University in Berlin published a paper suggesting that telomere shortening could be hastened by oxidative damage.

The changes were observed by Mats Olsson of the University of Wollongong in New South Wales, Australia, and colleagues when they measured the telomeres of wild sand lizards, Lacerta agilis (Biology Letters, DOI: 10.1098 / rsbl.2010.0126).

(Earlier work by David Lydell and Laura Maringele at the University of Manchester, U.K., hinted that an exonuclease could chew up telomeres.)

Some scientists are trying to extend life by extending the telomere.

Now, in a move that brings these questions into sharper focus for the general public, Telome Health, founded by Elizabeth Blackburn, who won the Nobel for Medicine for her work in this area, has announced that it will bring to market a test for telomere length.

For now, the only diseases clearly caused by shortened telomeres or dysfunctional telomerase are rare premature aging disorders like dyskeratosis congenita.

The enzyme telomerase slows this degradation by adding new DNA to the ends of telomeres.

The study, led by scientists from the University of Chicago, uses a novel method to measure genetic predisposition for telomere length, rather than physiological measures which are confounded by factors such as age and lifestyle.

The telomere prevents this problem by employing a different mechanism to synthesize DNA at this point, thereby preserving the sequence at the terminal of the chromosome.

And five months later, Jerry Shay and Woodring Wright of University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, also working with Geron collaborators, published additional findings, showing that, by introducing the hTRT gene to cells, they could make those cells repair unraveling telomeres.

Such a lag time, says Hahn, could allow cancer cells to develop resistance to a drug by finding some other way to maintain their telomeres.

By using this technique, we demonstrated that the telomere G - tail length of leukocytes is significantly correlated with endothelial function and severity of ARWMCs,» said Professor Hidetoshi Tahara, a principal investigator of this study at the Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hiroshima University.

Several biotech companies — most prominently Geron, which first made a name for itself in telomere research — are working to develop anticancer drugs that would work by deactivating telomerase.

With each division the telomere would shorten by a notch from whatever it had been when we took telomerase out.

«Nevertheless, we have evidence that the second step has to happen, and that the second step is initiated by or is occurring at a time where telomeres are critically short and when telomeres can be dysfunctional and drive genomic instability,» he said.

Telomeres at their ends act as caps to prevent biochemical wear and tear, while the cell choreographs the movement of chromosomes by grabbing hold of its centromere handle.

This widespread lack of the need for telomerase is used by evolution as a key component of our defense against cancer, because having a limit to the size and renewal of telomeres prevents our cells from replicating themselves indefinitely — the crucial hallmark of cancer.

One key difference between telomeres and cassette leaders is that leaders stay intact as long as the tape does, whereas telomeres become ever - so - slightly shorter every time the cell replicates itself or is hit by damaging agents like free radicals.

Klingelhutz and his team immortalized immature precursor fat cells by adding in two genes from HPV (the virus that causes cervical cancer) along with a gene for part of an enzyme that controls the length of cells» telomeres — the pieces of DNA that protect chromosome tips from deterioration.

Now, an article «The Latent Cytomegalovirus Decreases Telomere Length By Microcompetition» by Hanan Polansky and Adrian Javaherian, published in Open Medicine by De Gruyter Open, provides some answers to these questionBy Microcompetition» by Hanan Polansky and Adrian Javaherian, published in Open Medicine by De Gruyter Open, provides some answers to these questionby Hanan Polansky and Adrian Javaherian, published in Open Medicine by De Gruyter Open, provides some answers to these questionby De Gruyter Open, provides some answers to these questions.

In 2012, the CNIO Telomeres and Telomerase Group, headed by Maria A. Blasco, came up with a strategy to repair tTelomeres and Telomerase Group, headed by Maria A. Blasco, came up with a strategy to repair telomerestelomeres.

The protein produced by this gene protects the chromosome ends of the DNA from damage, and controls telomere maintenance by the telomerase enzyme.

The second animal model attempts to reproduce hereditary aplastic anemia, which is produced by mutations associated with the telomeres and telomerase.

Previous work published by Samani has linked telomere shortening with heart disease, suggesting that biological age may be more relevant to age - related diseases than chronological age.

«We provide proof - of - concept that the telomerase based treatment -LRB-...) has a therapeutic effect on the type of aplastic anemia caused by short telomeres,» the authors state in an article in the journal Blood, with Christian Bär among them as the first author, as well as Juan Manuel Povedano.

Telomerase offsets cellular aging by lengthening the telomeres, adding back lost DNA repeats to add time onto the molecular clock countdown, effectively extending the lifespan of the cell.

By specifically targeting the pause signal that prevents restarting DNA repeat synthesis, telomerase enzymatic function can be supercharged to better stave off telomere length reduction, with the potential to rejuvenate aging human adult stem cells.

The offshore bird's secret, revealed for the first time in May by zoologists at Iowa State University, is in the storm petrel's telomeres, repetitive bits of DNA that sit on the ends of the chromosomes in each cell like protective caps.

But cancer cells keep on going by deploying one of two strategies to reconstruct telomeres.

In healthy cells, telomeres protect the chromosome by tucking away any overhanging ends of DNA strands to form a lasso - like structure known as a T - loop.

The idea that shrinking telomeres play a role in organismal aging had been hyped in the media and by Geron's public relations division, she says.

They found that the inactivation of POT1 caused by these mutations leads to longer and potentially unprotected telomeres, regions at the end of our chromosomes that protect chromosomes from damage.

The studies on autophagy by Yoshinori Ohsumi, which earned him the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2016, and the discovery of cell cycle regulatory genes for which Leland Hartwell, Timothy Hunt and Paul Nurse received the same award in 2001, including the research of Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider and Jack Szostak on telomeres, telomerase and its protective effect on the chromosomes, were all made possible thanks to yeast.

By keeping telomeres long, ATRX mutations give cells the ability to endlessly divide, a hallmark of cancer.

One of the genes involved in telomere length was also associated with acne in a replication sample from the UK Acne Genetic study, also lead by King's scientists.