Sentences with phrase «by the gene remains»

Not exact matches

By isolating a key gene in the remaining plants, scientists found the receptor that aids in plant development and helps repair a plant during major events.

A study in 2013, also led by the School, suggested an initial link between a mutation in the ap2mu gene and low levels of malaria parasites remaining in the blood of Kenyan children after they had been treated.

The exact mechanism by which RNA transmits the spotting trait to progeny in the absence of the gene that causes spotting in the parent remains mysterious.

The research suggests that reducing production of the protein, called myoferlin, affects cancer cells in two primary ways: by changing the activation of many genes involved in metastasis in favor of normal cell behavior, and by altering mechanical properties of cancer cells — including their shape and ability to invade — so they are more likely to remain nested together rather than breaking away to travel to other tissues.

«But, in any event, if the protein translated from the remaining good copy of the gene is then targeted by SNO, then you are stuck making dysfunctional PINK1 even from the remaining good copy of the gene,» said Lipton.

As subpopulations moved into isolated areas, how did they remain isolated over a long enough time for new species - defining traits to arise in nuclear genes and become enriched by natural selection to permit speciation?

Researchers showed that the genes turned on by the switch remained active for several hours in several mammalian cell lines even after a short light pulse.

Niles» team was able to disrupt this gene in 100 percent of parasites treated with the CRISPR system; red blood cells infected by those parasites remained smooth.

Treating disease by providing needed genes remains a compelling idea, but clinical and basic researchers still have much to do before gene therapy can live up to its promise

Then Mays, along with molecular biologist G. Michael Taylor of Imperial College in London, confirmed that the scars were signs of TB by identifying traces of gene sequences from Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the 2300 - year - old remains.

It's the information coded in the gene that is crucial, and by definition, that remains the same.

Although its raison d'être remains elusive, the gene appears to play an important role in DNA repair: Mice lacking the protein Brca1 have trouble fixing DNA damage induced by radiation, for instance, and the protein clumps in the nucleus at sites where DNA is broken.

This strict selectiveness of sensory neurons is in part due to enhancers (DNA sequences that enhance transcription of a gene when bound by specific protein), which remain poorly understood.

It is generally believed that a series of mutations in multiple genes are needed for cancer cells to become metastatic; however, recent cancer stem cell theory, which still remains as a hypothesis, predicts that metastatic tumor cells are, by definition, cancer stem cells and that these cells may exist in tumor mass even at an early stage.

This is done by halting the production of the CRISPR RNAs, which allows affected genes to begin transcribing again as the microbes reproduce and the remaining CRISPR RNA degrades.

While expression levels of all marker genes remained almost unchanged in wild - type ACVR1 cultures compared with the empty viral vector, the expression profile induced by caACVR1 Q207D displayed evidence of advanced chondrogenic differentiation as shown by decreased levels of the early differentiation stage marker collagen type II together with enhanced expression of the later - stage markers Ihh and collagen type X. Indian hedgehog has been shown previously to be induced by BMP signaling transmitted via the ACVR1 receptor (9).

Although CRISPR is incredibly useful for generating mutations by NHEJ and generating small mutations with HDR, when it comes to larger scale genome editing, such as replacement of a mouse gene with its human ortholog (greater than 5 kb), it remains to be seen whether CRISPR is as robust as conventional gene targeting.

We are all tremendously excited by our progress so far, but much remains to be done, both in understanding the genetics and in defining how these genes influence the disease process,» Schellenberg said.

As long as the memory element remains intact, either of the two bacteriophage factors that control its function also inhibits the expression of a toxin gene encoded by the Essentializer.

The ability of cells to remain unaffected by HIV, in the absence of CCR5, has already been shown clinically, but this strategy has not been joined with gene therapy in making killer cells.

These studies are unable to determine a causal relationship due to factors such as gene regulation — a genetic variant may instead contribute to altered expression levels of true causal genes, which remain undetected by a GWAS.

The gene remains completely dormant and harmless in a mouse's cell until it is «armed» by the activation of the key senescence gene, p16INK / 4a, which rarely occurs except in senescent cells.

Each gene detected by at least one of the MS - based studies is classified as «Evidence at protein level» and all remaining genes as «Not available».

In virtually all viral expression systems employed by scientists, non-essential components are stripped away and the remaining native genes are spread over multiple plasmids to ensure safety.

Of the remaining 14,150 genes which could be analyzed for differential expression, 1.29 % are up - regulated by infection and 0.43 % are down - regulated by infection.

By labeling HAR1 molecules in human and macaque embryos, we discovered that the RNAs functioned in neurons during patterning and layout of the cortex, 6 a brain structure that expanded greatly in size during human evolution.7 Exactly which genes HAR1 is regulating remains to be determined.

How a 45 % change in organ size might be achieved by either of these genes, each of which has a conserved homologue in the human genome, remains to be determined.

Neurons rescued by this procedure were grafted into the brains of mice, with the FMR1 gene remaining active for at least three months.

These mutant kinases are attractive therapeutic targets, as demonstrated by the efficacy of imatinib in BCR - ABL — positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 5 as well as in MPD associated with activating alleles involving PDGFRA or PDGFRB.2, 6,7 In addition, activating mutations in the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase are the most common genetic event in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and specific inhibitors of the FMS - like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) have entered late - stage clinical trials.8 Although mutations in tyrosine kinases and in other genes have been identified in a subset of MPD and AML, in many cases the genetic events that contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of these diseases remain unknown.

«However, the result needs further validation, and the mechanism by which the PTPRD gene and the variant that we have discovered contribute to the accumulation of NFT remains elusive.

No significant differences were seen between the normoxic and hypoxic anoikis - resistant populations collected from MCF7 cells and a single significant gene change (PIP) was seen in T47D (Table 1) suggesting that the CSC - enriched population remains virtually unchanged following hypoxic culture and the increase in MFC, HFC, and tumor initiating cells is, therefore, due to expansion of the population, perhaps by increased symmetric self - renewal of the CSC or de-differentiation of early progenitor cells, rather than simply the acquisition of anoikis resistance in non-CSC.

First, they remain in the offspring after birth and are related to the HLA genes, and second, chimeric cells are not merely present in the children — but they are active, as shown by the attacks they mount against the child's body.

As long as the frequency of a gene for a recessive disorder remains low in the population, the particular gene may be passed along for many generations before by chance 2 carriers are mated and affected individuals are born.

Identification of genes responsible for canine monogenic diseases (caused by one gene) is advancing rapidly, but the genes underlying behaviours remain elusive.