Sentences with phrase «by the membranes which»

During normal development, a puppy's eyes are enveloped by a membrane which stretches and breaks away by 8 weeks of age.

These vibrations are turned into sound by the membranes which echo back and forth on the coiled springs.

Not exact matches

It is caused by mutations on the ABCD1 gene, which codes for a membrane transporter protein.

Fermentation by intestinal probiotics leads to enhanced production of short - chain fatty acids, including butyrate, which is a major energy source for the intestinal cell membrane; propionate, which is involved in regulating cholesterol; and acetate, which is involved in cholesterol synthesis.

The baby is surrounded by amniotic fluid, which contains shock - absorbing properties, as well as by durable membranes and the muscle and bones of our uterus and abdominal cavity.

The pump also has a kit, separate from the pumping mechanism, which is protected from overflow by a membrane.

She also found that the speed, by which wounds and other types of physical damage heal, increases and that atrophic (thin) mucosal membranes become rejuvenated.

My partner and midwife took the babies to be weighed and measured as our OB helped me to birth both placentas, which were intact and, interestingly, fused together by their outer membranes.

A few days after my due date my OB performed a membrane sweep (I had been 1 cm dilated for a week or two before that), which, indeed, kickstarted labor (immediately) but it lasted for 36 hours (in which I didn't dilate beyond 3 - 4 cm for 24 + hours or, until they broke my water in the hospital after I had an epidural) and was followed by severe (1.7 L) postpartum hemorrhage.

This special pregnancy hormone is human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which is produced by the chorion, a membrane that covers the embryo.

Because of the rapidity with which it occurs (less than a tenth of a second) the researchers argue that this influx is caused by micro-tears in cell membranes ripped open by the force of the micro-explosion;

It was commissioned by Roderick MacKinnon, who shared the Nobel prize in 2003 for his work describing the structural and mechanistic properties of such channels, which are tunnels that regulate the flow of ions across cellular membranes.

And a new analysis of the STEP trial, published last November in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, provides a warning that the very vectors (adenoviruses, which are also employed in other vaccine development work) used to distribute the inactive HIV strains can actually make the immune system more vulnerable to infection by recruiting susceptible T cells to mucous membranes, where they are more likely to be infected during sexual activity.

«So you etch copper out from underneath and have graphene directly supported by a porous polymer — which is basically a membrane.»

Substituting those residues with alanine, which is hydrophobic, reduced lipid binding by 40-fold and stopped localization to the plasma membrane.

All living cells are held together by membranes, which provide a barrier to the transport of nutrients.

In order to describe the mechanism of a membrane sensor which measures the degree of lipid saturation in the yeast cell, the researchers used genetic and biochemical methods and simulated the motions and underlying forces of membrane lipids over a period of a few milliseconds by means of extensive molecular dynamic simulations.

Autophagy literally means «self - eating,» and refers to a sophisticated system in which cellular waste is specifically detected, surrounded by membranes, and removed.

The researchers tested their theory by creating model membranes, some of which contained PE and / or PS, and exposing them to MP1.

Further animal studies by Kipnis and others show that learning new tasks triggers a mild stress response within the brain, which prompts CD4 cells to rally to the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain.

Using the TEER - MEA chip, the researchers built a beating vascularized Heart Chip in which human cardiomyocytes are cultured in one microfluidic channel that is separated by a thin semi-permeable membrane from a second, parallel endothelium - lined vascular channel.

Research has already shown that immune response provided by nasal mucous membranes is compromised in cigarette smokers, which causes them to be more susceptible to the outcomes of a viral infection, said Ilona Jaspers, deputy director of the Center for Environmental Medicine Asthma and Lung Biology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, but her new research revealed even more immune suppression effects in e-cigarette users than in smokers of traditional cigarettes.

Its membrane - embedded F0 sector has a rotation generator fueled by the proton - motive force, which provides the energy required for the synthesis of ATP by the F1 domain.

The toxins overcome the cell membrane by binding to a surface receptor, which conveys them into the cell's interior.

THC works by binding to the corresponding cannabinoid - 1 (CB1) receptors, which are located in the cell membrane and are present in large numbers in the central and peripheral nervous system.

And a new analysis of the stopped STEP trial, published online Monday in Proceedings in the National Academy of Sciences, provides a warning that the very vectors (adenoviruses, which are also employed in other vaccine development) used to distribute the inactive HIV strains can actually prime the immune system to be infected by recruiting susceptible T cells to mucous membranes, where they are more likely to be infected during sexual activity.

The study, «Anti-TNF drives regulatory T cell expansion by paradoxically promoting membrane TNF - TNF - RII binding in rheumatoid arthritis,» which will be published online June 6 in The Journal of Experimental Medicine, may help explain the divergent efficacies of different TNF - targeting drugs.

The process by which new membrane proteins are sent to the membrane is called exocytosis.

Their young patient had a severe form of the disease known as junctional EB, caused by a mutation in a gene encoding part of the protein laminin 332, which makes up a thin membrane just below the epidermis.

Each front leg exhibits a single ear below the knee with two eardrums (also known as tympanic membranes), which are backed by a narrow cylindrical tube (the acoustic trachea) running along the leg internally and opening out on the side of the insect's body.

A cell membrane, plasma membrane or plasmalemma is a selectively permeable lipid bilayer coated by proteins which comprises the outer layer of a cell.

The researchers created antibodies to bind specifically to the reflectin proteins, which revealed that the reflectins are located exclusively inside the lamellae formed by the folds in the cell membrane.

Using a high - powered microscope, the UCLA researchers observed that bacteria cells lost some of the structure and definition of their outer membranes, which indicated that resveratrol may work by altering and possibly weakening the structure of the bacteria.

However, endocytic waves may be initiated by clathrin through a positive feedback mechanism between clathrin and downstream proteins which includes actin regulating proteins as well as membrane proteins such as PIP3.

MinD then diffuses in the cytoplasm until ADP is replaced by ATP, which allows it to bind to the cell membrane once again.

The fundamental insights provided by this device could also prove useful for other materials in which dynamic changes occur between membranes, including surfactant monolayers and bilayers, biomolecules, colloidal particles, surfactant - coated nanoparticles and smart materials.

The Z - ring is made up of the protein FtsZ, which polymerizes in the form of filaments that have an intrinsic curvature, as confirmed by experiments carried out with artificial membranes.

The majority of modern fuel cells, specifically those used for automotive applications, are proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, which functions by exchanging protons across an acidic polymer membrane to produce electricity and heat.

Endocytosis is a fundamental membrane trafficking process by which cells uptake external factors such as proteins and pathogens.

The epithelium's maturation into a villus intestinal epithelium with long finger - like extensions was helped along by co-culturing human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells on the opposite side of the shared matrix - coated porous membrane in the «vascular» channel where they assembled a surrogate blood vessel with a hollow lumen through which feeding medium was flowed.

Scanning electron microscopy images for showing sugar blowing process: glucose were polymerized and blown by released ammonia into melanoidin bubbles in heating, which bubbles were finally converted into strutted graphene containing mono - / few - layered graphene membranes and graphitic struts.

They then proceed to disintegrate the sperm's outer membrane and separate the mitochondria from the tail section, which is subsequently cut into smaller pieces that are then «devoured» by conventional selective autophagy.

According to Neves, a black hole is not defined by singularity, but rather by an event horizon, a membrane that indicates the point of no return from which nothing escapes the inexorable destiny of being swallowed up and destroyed by the singularity.

A receptor is a molecule placed on the cell membrane which, in some cases, can direct material from the surroundings to be taken up by the cell and degraded, In the degradation of bone tissue, the receptor uPARAP plays a central role.

In an effort to overcome these limitations, a team at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering led by its Founding Director, Donald Ingber, M.D., Ph.D., had previously engineered a microfluidic «Organ - on - a-Chip» (Organ Chip) culture device in which cells from a human intestinal cell line originally isolated from a tumor were cultured in one of two parallel running channels, separated by a porous matrix - coated membrane from human blood vessel - derived endothelial cells in the adjacent channel.

ACP was identified from a previous study done by the team in Southampton, in which they analysed the types of protein that were present in the membrane that is found underneath the «jelly - like» coat of the bacterium.

Exocytosis is the process by which cells secrete packets of protein and carbohydrates outside their membranes to support extracellular processes like the construction of cell walls.

Inspired by these structures, researchers created a membrane of tiny overlapping nanofibers with similar deicing powers, which may pave the way for uniquely ice - resistant materials.

Almost immediately, the fluorescence emitted by the cells changed: Right along the cell membranes, the intensity of the fluorescence decreased, which indicated (counterintuitively) that the temperature was rising in that locus and nowhere else in the cell.

The DNA process disrupted by the U.N.C. team is called conjugation, which occurs when two bacteria sidle up to one another and punch holes in each of their outer membranes, allowing one microbe to shoot a single strand of DNA into the other.