Sentences with phrase «by the standard deviation in»

Mannian PC methodology divides each series by its standard deviation in the calibration period.

As was seen in the June submissions, models tend to agree better in the Atlantic / European sector of the Arctic compared to the East Siberian / Alaskan sector this year, as indicated by the standard deviation in SIP.

Not exact matches

At Google, an audit of their pay practices by the Department of Labor found «systemic compensation disparities against women pretty much across the entire workforce,» showing, one official has said, six to seven standard deviations between pay for men and women in nearly every job category.

Timmer: You know, the last two years until the January high, were really extraordinary times for the market, and I fear that investors got spoiled by that, because the S&P was up I think 52 % in two years and in 2017 the volatility — the standard deviation of those returns — was at an all - time low of 3.9.

The meta - analysis, published online today in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, concluded that teaching approaches that turned students into active participants rather than passive listeners reduced failure rates and boosted scores on exams by almost one - half a standard deviation.

For each decile, we've subtracted the 1986 - 2016 average price / revenue ratio for that decile, dividing the result by the standard deviation of valuations in that decile (again from 1986 - 2016).

They normalize an interval return by subtracting the average return for all such intervals in the sample period and then dividing by their standard deviation.

They measure changes in analyst earnings forecast dispersion (standard deviation divided by mean) based on data from I / B / E / S as the difference between current dispersion and dispersion two months ago.

However, by 1999, the gap in mean scores by race had expanded to about 0.8 standard deviations.

Assuming that pupils who are not allergic to pollen are also not affected by the pollen count, the results show that one in ten pupils with hay fever dropped one grade when the pollen count increased by a standard deviation.

Previous experiments with beams and containers appeared to give sharply different neutron lifetimes, the most precise measurement using a bottle trap differs by almost four standard deviations from that measured in a beam.

Similarly, if replacing the lowest - ranked school in the survey with a top - quintile school, student test scores would improve by 0.39 of a standard deviation using a conventional VAM, and 0.53 of a standard deviation when using the MIT team's own VAM method.

Analyzing patients covered by Medicare, the study finds that increasing emergency - care spending by one standard deviation about the mean generates roughly a 10 percent (and 4 percentage point) reduction in mortality.

Variability in mood was measured by the standard deviation of these daily mood scores across each condition.

Insulin resistance increased by 17 % for every 10.6 µg / m3 (2 standard deviations [SDs] from the mean) increase in ambient nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and 19 % for every 6 µg / m3 (2 SDs) increase in particulate matter of up to 10 μm in diameter.

Every standard deviation increase in the inflammation score was also associated with a hippocampus volume that was 110 cubic millimeters smaller and the volume of other areas affected by Alzheimer's disease was 532 cubic millimeters smaller.

GS showed genome - wide significant slope decrease by — 3.86 (95 % CI: — 4.64 to — 3.07, p < 2 × 10 — 16) per standard deviation of the GS for 6 SNPs mapping to genes involved in neuronal development and signaling, axonal myelinization, and glutamatergic / GABA neurotransmission.

2010 & 2011 were cold in these regions even by 1951 - 1980 standards (the baseline), but because they mostly fall within minus one standard deviation (see figure 3), it was a level of cold that occurred reasonably often back then.

The summary angular data in Table 3 includes both arithmetic means with standard deviations, as well as mean directions with circular standard deviations calculated by treating our data as vectors [43].

Note: The mean and standard deviation for shortest acceptable, tallest acceptable, and ideal height and sexual dimorphism (SDR) in a dating partner are Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon - 14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by

They scale the gain in black students» scores by the standard deviation of test scores computed for a select sample of students, and observe that the gain in their scores due to attending private school is «roughly one - third of the test - score gap between blacks and whites nationwide.»

He compared this figure with Jeremy Finn and Charles Achilles's finding that attending a smaller class in the Tennessee STAR experiment raised reading scores for black 2nd graders by one - third of a standard deviation.

Meanwhile, the average achievement in the new districts increased by 0.35 standard deviations (14 percentile points), and the shares of African - American and Hispanic students decreased by 14 and 20 percentage points, respectively.

An increase of one standard deviation in the level of maternal schooling increases the likelihood of graduating from college by 14 percentage points, nearly three times as much as the corresponding effect for single - parent family structure (5 percentage points).

Schools earning D grades improved by 16 points, while schools that received F grades in 1999 made gains of 26 points, equal to 1.25 standard deviations.

But unlike Chingos and West, they found t teachers who chose the hybrid plan out - performed teachers who chose the defined benefit only by about 2 to 3 percent of a standard deviation, an effect that would be similar in magnitude to the difference between a beginning teacher and a teacher with one to two years of experience.

In math, student achievement improves by 0.21 of a standard deviation, with teacher quality improving by 1.3 standard deviations.

In the first year of the program, the bonus program boost to math scores was, by our estimates, 3.2 points on the New York state test, or 0.08 student - level standard deviations.

Their peers» average test scores are about 0.15 standard deviations higher, and the new schools have higher - quality teachers, measured in terms of the fraction of teachers with less than three years» experience, the fraction that are new to the school that year, the percentage of teachers with an advanced degree, and the share of teachers who attended a «highly competitive» college as defined by the Barron's rankings.

As shown in Table 2, overall standards for both math and reading in 4th and 8th grades have risen by just 0.02 standard deviations.

Our results show that each year of attendance at an oversubscribed Boston charter school increases the math test scores of students in our sample by 13 percent of a standard deviation.

In reading, student achievement is estimated to increase by 0.14 of a standard deviation.

In reading, student achievement improves by 0.14 of a standard deviation, with an improvement of 1.0 standard deviations in teacher qualitIn reading, student achievement improves by 0.14 of a standard deviation, with an improvement of 1.0 standard deviations in teacher qualitin teacher quality.

Student performance in the classes of its graduates trailed by 6 percent of a standard deviation those of the graduates of the University of Central Florida.

Winning the lottery increased the average achievement of students» classroom peers by as much as a full standard deviation in some subjects.

We observe the average score by school, year, and grade on each exam, which we scale to have a mean of 0 and standard deviation of 1 in each year, grade, and subject.

We find that the accountability provisions of NCLB increased 4th - grade math achievement by roughly 7.2 scale points (0.23 standard deviations) by 2007 in states with no prior accountability policies relative to states that adopted accountability systems in 1997.

• Each year of attendance at an oversubscribed charter school increased the math test scores of students in the sample by 13 percent of a standard deviation, a roughly 50 percent increase over the progress typical students make in a school year, but had no impact on their fluid cognitive skills.

The Chetty, Friedman, and Rockoff study finds that, on average, a 1 standard deviation improvement in teacher value added (equivalent to having a teacher in the 84th percentile rather than one at the median) for one year raises a student's earnings at age 28 by about 1 percent.

For example, in 4th - grade math, we find that NCLB increased scores at the 10th percentile by roughly 0.29 standard deviations compared with an increase of only 0.17 standard deviations at the 90th percentile (see Figure 3).

When examined in this light, the impacts of NCLB — which the NRC estimates at a 0.08 standard deviation improvement in average achievement nationwide — are far greater than suggested by the NRC committee, which concludes that test - based accountability under NCLB had minimal impact and probably should be abandoned.

Retained students performed better than low - scoring students who were promoted by 0.13 standard deviations (4.10 percentiles) on the FCAT and 0.11 standard deviations (3.45 percentiles) on the Stanford - 9 in reading.

In a randomized controlled trial conducted at the United States Military Academy (West Point), the authors find that unrestricted laptop use reduces students» exam scores by 0.18 standard deviations relative to students for whom laptop use was prohibited; tablets reduce scores by 0.17 standard deviations (see figure).

By the time the same students have reached 7th grade, these gaps have widened to 1.5 standard deviations in math and 1.25 standard deviations in reading.

In math the graduates of the University of Florida, the state's premier university, outperformed the other institutions at teaching students in fourth to eighth grade by as much as 10 percent of a standard deviation, even though NCTQ gave it no better rating than Florida State or Florida AtlantiIn math the graduates of the University of Florida, the state's premier university, outperformed the other institutions at teaching students in fourth to eighth grade by as much as 10 percent of a standard deviation, even though NCTQ gave it no better rating than Florida State or Florida Atlantiin fourth to eighth grade by as much as 10 percent of a standard deviation, even though NCTQ gave it no better rating than Florida State or Florida Atlantic.

In math, students identified for retention surpassed low performers who were not subject to the policy by 0.15 standard deviations (4.8 percentiles) on the FCAT and 0.14 standard deviations (4.4 percentiles) on the Stanford - 9.

Our estimates indicate that, for each teacher who left under the ERI, test scores increased by 0.01 and 0.04 student - level standard deviations in math and reading, respectively.

Students identified for retention by the Florida policy gained 0.06 of a standard deviation in reading on both the FCAT and Stanford - 9 over equally low - performing 3rd graders from the previous school year (see Figure 1).

The two groups differ by about 20 percent of a standard deviation in students» math and reading achievement (see Figure 2).

When these 6th graders move to a middle school in the 7th grade, however, we see the same dramatic fall in academic achievement: math scores decline by 0.17 standard deviations and English achievement falls by 0.14 standard deviations.