Low - income parents» involvement in school may be hindered
by transportation difficulties, chronic health conditions, or conflicts with work schedules, while parents whose primary language is not English may not feel able to participate in school activities, or may belong to a culture where questioning teachers is not a norm.
Refugees may also experience poorer health due to conditions they face when they arrive in Canada including delays in obtaining health care, language
difficulties, and a lack of finances,
transportation, and knowledge of the health care system: Edward Ng, Claudia Sanmartin and Douglas G. Manuel, Health Reports — Acute care hospitalization,
by immigrant category: Linking hospital data and the Immigrant Landing File in Canada (August 17, 2016): online, Statistics Canada http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-003-x/2016008/article/14648-eng.htm.