Sentences with phrase «by tyrosine»

L - tyrosine is the substrate for the production of L - Dopa by tyrosine hydroxylase, allowing survival of dopamine signaling neurons.

The ring of tyrosine is then hydroxylated to dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) by tyrosine hydroxylase.

The tumor suppressor DAPK is reciprocally regulated by tyrosine kinase Src and phosphatase LAR.

Rapid regulation of dopamine transporters by tyrosine kinases in rat neuronal preparations.

During the development of blood cells it is activated by tyrosine phosphorylation and can switch certain genes on or off.

Not exact matches

Help depression by amplify your happy chemicals, such as serotonin, tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylethylamine

I refer to this as the «tyrosine / Tyrone» dilemma, where «tyrosine» represents the technical knowledge valued by the enterprise, and «Tyrone» represents the community connectedness that I find important.

The drug works by inhibiting an enzyme called low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMPTP), which seems to contribute to cells losing their sensitivity to insulin.

Therefore, a team led by Vladimir Tesar, MD, PhD (Charles University and General University Hospital, in the Czech Republic) tested the potential of an investigational drug called bosutinib that inhibits a particular tyrosine kinase called Src / Bcr - Abl.

The first is the metabolic path by which the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan — which all contain a benzene ring — are synthesised from D - glucose.

Induction by EGF and interferon - gamma of tyrosine phosphorylated DNA binding proteins in mouse liver nuclei

Transmission of signals in a cell is controlled by the coordinated activity of two families of enzymes: protein tyrosine kinases, which add a phosphate group to proteins, and protein tyrosine phosphatases, which remove them.

Tyrosine is just one of the nutrients turned toxic by the massive size of blood binges.

During the early years of my PhD studies, I was very fascinated by the exciting discoveries in the field of signal transduction, in particular how receptor tyrosine kinases are activated to transmit their signals and how protein complexes are formed through defined protein folds (domains) interacting with specific cellular targets.

In 1995, I began graduate studies on signal transduction by growth factors and receptor tyrosine kinases in the laboratory of Graeme Guy at the Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) in Singapore, obtaining my PhD in 2000.

Ari Hashimoto and colleagues found that the MVP promotes the recruitment of Arf6 to the plasma membrane, where it can be activated by receptor tyrosine kinases.

The sequence, called an ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine - based activation motif), encodes a piece of protein that can by itself signal immune system cells to multiply and go to work.

In 2005, Cagan's team created a general fly model of a human thyroid tumor caused by mutations in the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase gene, then screened a panel of drugs including a kinase inhibitor called vandetanib that suppressed the tumor (Cancer Res, 65:3538 - 41, 2005).

Zhang, Y.Y., Yang, H., and Pöschl, U.: Analysis of nitrated proteins and tryptic peptides by HPLC - chip - MS / MS: site - specific quantification, nitration degree, and reactivity of tyrosine residues, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 399, 459 - 471, 2011.

In the late 1990s, STI - 571 (imatinib, Gleevec / Glivec) was identified by the pharmaceutical company Novartis (then known as Ciba Geigy) in high - throughput screens for tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Abrogation of the cell death response to oxidative stress by the c - Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571.

Specifically, they are interested in those genes that are involved in tyrosine phosphorylation — the attachment of a phosphate group (a phosphorous surrounded by oxygen atoms) to distinct sites in protein chains where there is a tyrosine residue.

The SDF - 1 / CXCR4 interaction stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of CXCR4, followed by the activation of multiple G protein - dependent signaling pathways, which may be different among cell types.

Tyrosine - dependent basolateral targeting of human connexin43 — eYFP in Madin — Darby canine kidney cells can be disrupted by the oculodentodigital dysplasia mutation L90V.

To cite a few instances, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a molecular method developed over three decades ago, has been widely applied in disease diagnosis, disease mechanism deciphering, and prognosis prediction; the elucidation of tyrosine kinase activity in cancer cells has led to the development of novel drugs for cancer treatment; and the identification of proteins and genetic molecules by molecular methods as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis has been drawing great interest.

Synapses are regulated by the cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase Fer in a pathway mediated by p120catenin, Fer, SHP - 2, and β - catenin.

Accompanying this, vaccination with AFF 1 prevented 66 % of the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase - staining (TH + — likely dopaminergic) neurons suffered by vehicle - treated mThy1 - AS mice (all Figure 1).

Some of those hits affect tyrosine kinases, enzymes that promote cancer by stimulating abnormal cell growth and proliferation.

And some metabolic mutations, which themselves can promote cancer - causing changes in the cell, will be more successful if they're followed by mutations in tyrosine kinases or transcription factors that stimulate cell growth.

Mutations in fms related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) gene are the most common mutations found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are characterized by an aggressive phenotype with a high prevalence of relapse.

STAT5 is also activated by the oncogenic breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-- ABL tyrosine kinase and contributes to the transformation of leukemia cells (45).

The major drawback of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy is the development of secondary resistance caused by the acquisition of new mutations.

The mutant STAT2 - Y690F (converting tyrosine 690 to phenylalanine) was prepared by Mutagenesis kit (Stratagene).

Also, genes that code for receptor tyrosine kinases, a family of receptors on the surface of cells, may rearrange to form multiple distinct gene fusion partners, as evidenced in an article by Kulkarni, et al, on a translational study involving a patient who developed a BRAF fusion following treatment with a BRAF inhibitor1.

Unlike IFNα - activated ISGF3 complex in which tyrosine - phosphorylated STAT proteins are required, IRF - 9 could successfully interact with either wt STAT2 or mutant STAT2 - Y690F in the absence of IFNα, although the interaction between IRF - 9 and wt STAT2 could be obviously enhanced by IFNα via tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT2 (Fig. 2A).

These mutant kinases are attractive therapeutic targets, as demonstrated by the efficacy of imatinib in BCR - ABL — positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 5 as well as in MPD associated with activating alleles involving PDGFRA or PDGFRB.2, 6,7 In addition, activating mutations in the FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase are the most common genetic event in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and specific inhibitors of the FMS - like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) have entered late - stage clinical trials.8 Although mutations in tyrosine kinases and in other genes have been identified in a subset of MPD and AML, in many cases the genetic events that contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of these diseases remain unknown.

However, as proposed for the T790M mutation in the EGFR, 31 the significant gain - of - function property conferred by the mutations that we describe here may favor their initial presence before drug selection, and rapid selection during tyrosine kinase inhibitor - based therapy.

Furthermore, using a phospho - tyrosine [Y] 474 (in - house generated) and a phospho - serine [S] 176 (Cell Signaling, Inc., Danvers, MA) RIPK2 antibodies, we confirmed that active RIPK2 is recognized by these antibodies upon activation with MDP treatment in 293HEK fibroblast and HCT116 colon cancer epithelial cells (Fig. 3E, left panel) and detection of constitutively active RIPK2 in the colon cancer cell line SW480 (Fig. 3E, right panel).

In 2005, the identification of an activating mutation in JAK2 (the V617F mutation) as a STAT5 - activating and disease - causing genetic alteration in a significant proportion of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) has emphasized the oncogenic role of the JAK tyrosine kinases in hematologic malignancies.2 — 5 JAK2 is a member of the Janus tyrosine kinase family comprising three other mammalian non-receptor tyrosine kinases (JAK1, JAK3 and TYK2) that associate with cytokine receptors lacking intrinsic kinase activity to mediate cytokine - induced signal transduction and activation of STAT transcription factors.6 All JAKs share a similar protein structure and contain a tyrosine kinase domain at the C - terminus flanked by a catalytically inactive pseudokinase domain with kinase - regulatory activity, by an atypical SH2 domain and by a FERM domain that mediates association to the membrane - proximal region of the cytokine receptors.7, 8 Soon after the discovery of JAK2 V617F, we and others described that activating JAK1 mutations are relatively common in adult patients with T - cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and participate in ALL development allowing for constitutive activation of STAT5.9 — 11 Several STAT5 - activating JAK1 mutations were also reported in AML and breast cancer patients.10

In addition, no tyrosine - phosphorylated STAT1 was detected in NB4 cells treated either by IFNα for 6 hours or by ATRA for 72 hours (Fig. 1A), further suggesting that the RIG - G gene expression was most likely activated through a novel mechanism.

A single tyrosine of the interleukin - 9 (IL - 9) receptor is required for STAT activation, antiapoptotic activity, and growth regulation by IL - 9

The idea that both STAT2 and IRF - 9 were basic components necessary for RIG - G expression was also supported by the fact that ATRA could not only induce the total amounts of STAT2 and IRF - 9 proteins but also increase the tyrosine phosphorylation level of STAT2 in NB4 cells (Fig. 1A).

Here, we have shown for the first time that the unphosphorylated STAT2 could play an important role in RIG - G gene expression by interacting with IRF - 9, further reinforcing the idea that STAT proteins could function as transcription factors in the absence of tyrosine phosphorylation.

Requirement of tyrosine phosphorylation for rapid activation of a DNA binding factor by IL - 4.

Toxoplasma Rhoptry Protein 16 (ROP16) Subverts Host Function by Direct Tyrosine Phosphorylation of STAT6

Carbs can reduce the alertness - boosting benefits of tyrosine by donating sedative tryptophan.

It is characterized by high levels of the amino acid tyrosine that can lead to liver and kidney disease.

The insulin receptor signaling cascade is inhibited by several phosphatases, including protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTB 1B), phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and SH2 - domain - containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP2), all of which are inactivated by ROS.

Use the amino acids tyrosine by eating more high protein foods and wheat germ.

Tyrosine is an amino acid and studies show hypothyroidism is caused by impaired T4 production and deficiency in amino acids.