Sentences with phrase «by upper atmosphere temperature»

The temperature climatologies were supplemented by upper atmosphere temperature climatologies derived from the National Center for Environmental Prediction's North American Regional Reanalysis (Mesinger et al., 2006; emc.ncep.noaa.gov / mmb / rreanl /).

Not exact matches

Hmm, so you're telling me that a «heat shield» that was made of «special plastic» (as NASA called it back in the day), which was nothing but epoxy smeared over a ss honey comb «protected» the astros barreling into the upper atmosphere at hypersonic 5 miles / sec, or well over 30 times the velocity of a jumbo - jet and thru temperatures *** as quoted by NASA *** that are «10 times hotter than the surface of the sun», and then they «braked» with only a parachute to a safe splashdown?

While the temperatures will be cold and the lakes warm, the amount of snow will be limited by the direction of the wind and relatively dry air in the upper atmosphere.

In this respect, the phenomenon more closely resembles Earth's Arctic vortices — seasonal cyclones that appear above the poles and are driven by temperature gradients in the upper atmosphere.

To determine whether declining pollutants deserve credit for the recovery, the researchers used a 3D atmospheric model to separate the effects of the chemicals from those of weather, which can affect ozone loss through winds and temperature, and volcanic eruptions, which deplete ozone by pumping sulfate particles into the upper atmosphere.

The energetic particles from the Sun also can be absorbed by the upper atmosphere, increasing its temperature and causing it to swell up.»

AT sufficiently short wavelengths, the temperature of the upper atmosphere and near TOA would have to be a sizable fraction of the surface temperature in order for the Planck function for higher levels to be a small fraction of the that at the surface (example: at 5 microns, relative to T = 250 K and the Planck function at 250 K, a 20 % reduction in temperature reduces the Planck function by about 94.4 %).

- temperature sensors on satellites report much less warming in the upper atmosphere (which the theory of global warming predicts should warm first) than is reported by temperature sensors on the ground.

This simple radiative example (convective transport is not being allowed) shows that any finite surface temperature Ts can be supported in radiative equilibrium with any arbitrarily cold «upper atmosphere» temperature Tt, by prescribing the appropriate LW opacity TAU for the atmospheric layer, with the energy required to maintain a fixed Ts adjusted accordingly.

Regarding your most recent comment, I believe you are making the same mistake you made earlier by confusing Tt with the temperature of the upper atmosphere (without ozone, it would be hard to call it a «stratosphere» so I'll use that term in quotes).

Senator and presidential candidate Ted Cruz recently organized a Senate hearing on the temperature record in which he called upon carefully selected witnesses to testify that calculations of temperature made by satellite observations of the upper atmosphere are superior to measurements made by thermometers at the Earth's surface.

-- Smith et al., 2007 https://search.proquest.com/openview/cba4766420ef04f09227ccf861784a90/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=40569 The upper atmospheres of the four Solar System giant planets exhibit high temperatures that can not be explained by the absorption of sunlight.

Most certainly, however since we are in an inverted lapse rate at sea compared to the atmosphere the upper layers will not warm / thermal diffuse the lower layers due to a density problem induced by the temperature differences, hence the uppermost molecules will be agitated the most, which will lead to... evaporation.

Year - to - year variability, however, is determined mostly by temperature variations in the upper atmosphere.

A third example would be the research on how incoming solar irradiance influences China's thermometer temperature records, showing that over periods of many decades the variations in total solar irradiance in the upper atmosphere are matched by variations at the surface.

There is a heat flow from the surface to the upper atmosphere, largely in the form of convection currents, driven by the temperature gradient, to replace the lost heat and maintain equilibrium.

The.2 ° Fahrenheit change you indicate this contradicts is in reference to «global temperature» which takes into account Land, Sea, upper atmosphere and the heat absorbed by the melting of land ice.

SummaryFor two years beginning in 2013, a large team led by Sanjay Limaye set out to combine and compare the following: Venusian atmospheric data collected by probes in the 1970s and 1980s (used to create the Venus International Reference Atmosphere, or VIRA) Venus Express data on the vertical and horizontal structure of the atmosphereEarth - based observations of the upper atmosphere temperature structure of Venus made since VIRAFigure 1a: Vertical coverage of post-VIRA atmospheric structure Atmosphere, or VIRA) Venus Express data on the vertical and horizontal structure of the atmosphereEarth - based observations of the upper atmosphere temperature structure of Venus made since VIRAFigure 1a: Vertical coverage of post-VIRA atmospheric structure atmosphere temperature structure of Venus made since VIRAFigure 1a: Vertical coverage of post-VIRA atmospheric structure experi....

The same amount of energy that would warm the entire atmosphere up to the tropopause by 1 °C would raise the upper ocean (0 - 700m) temperature by 0.0045 °C and the entire ocean by 0.0007 °C.

One effect among many is to reduce the temperature gradient within the skin layer of the ocean and hence reduce the rate of cooling of the upper mixed layer (the first few meters of which are warmed by the Sun) to the atmosphere and also, radiatively, through the atmospheric infrared window, directly to space.

In February 2016, Carl Mears and colleague Frank Wentz published a peer - reviewed paper that adjusted upwards the satellite - derived temperatures for the upper atmosphere since 1998 by as much as 0.2 of a degree Celsius.

Heat from anomalously warm ocean temperatures is transported vertically and eventually northward by unusually active tropical convection (thunderstorms), warming the upper atmosphere in the lower latitudes.

In the absorption lines, the outgoing LWR intensity is determined by the local temperature at the last diffusion surface — so the upper atmosphere temperature.

The reason why Figure 9.1 in IPCC AR4 is disconcerting is that the temperature anomaly in the upper tropical atmosphere bears the signature of increased moist convective activity, which means that the hydrological cycle probably gets perturbed by increased GHG forcings, hence affecting rainfall patterns.