Sentences with phrase «by upwelled»

The picture I gave neglects the effect of ocean dynamics — cooling by upwelled water entering the mixed layer and warming by imported warm water from the side.

This ecosystem, which alone provides 5 to 10 % of the world's catches, owes its exceptional productivity to the nutrients provided by upwellings of deep, cold, nutrient - rich water along the coasts.

Nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, are brought from the land by rivers and are stirred up from the bottom mud by upwelling currents.

Thus, off South America, cold water is not brought to the surface as efficiently by upwelling.

These organisms thrive here as they are fed by the upwelling of cold, nutrient - rich water, and are somewhat protected by their distance from the mainland.

The park covers 140 km ², of which 16 km ² is granite islands, formed by upwellings of hot magma during the Tertiary - Cretaceous period some 65 million years ago, then later smoothed by glacial ice and wave action of the sea.

They suggested that the transient changes in El Nino (before the deeper water tapped by upwelling has warmed) may be different from the state of El Nino after the ocean has come into equilibrium.

Thus, it can be speculated that water carried to the surface by upwelling during positive dipole events is becoming colder and results in a colder EEIO during positive events in recent decades.

Geologist Gerry Dickens suggested that the increased carbon - 12 could have been rapidly released by upwellings of frozen methane hydrate from the seabeds.

It seems associated with sea surface temperature — which is influenced by upwelling.

Unfortunately the term «ocean acidification» is indiscriminately used to describe any reduction of pH even if naturally induced by upwelling.

Woodgate, R.A., K. Aagaard, J.H. Swift, K.K. Falkner and W.M. Smethie,» Pacific Ventilation of the Arctic Ocean's lower halocline by upwelling and diapycnal mixing over the continental margin `, Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L18609, doi: 10.1029 / 2005GL023999, 2005.

«We suspect these reefs are partially protected from heat stress by upwelling of cooler water from the Coral Sea.»

Algae's productivity depends on the amounts of nutrients in the water and these nutrients come to the surface by upwelling driven by the winds.

Stronger downward transport of water mass must be balanced by upwelling somewhere else, and this occurs in regions of divergence (Ekman suction)- along the equatorward travelling arms of the gyres, and along the equator itself.

I have some calculations of the additional biomass that will be created by upwelling a million cubic meters / sec, but I need to study the books that I have bought to be sure of my estimates.

They explain the lesser warming in the East Pacific Ocean, near South America, as being due to the fact this region is kept cool by upwelling, rising of deeper colder water to shallower depths.

Surface waters are moved away from the equator and replaced by upwelling waters.

Not exact matches

Becker noted that correlation does not imply causality, «but it is pretty nifty that we found two strong correlations, which both point to the same physically plausible mechanism: the primordial stuff gets picked up preferentially by the most buoyant thermochemical upwellings.»

The hypothesis has been strengthened recently by the discovery that bands of alternating normal and reversed magnetism parallel the mid-ocean ridges, apparently indicating upwellings of molten rock during different magnetic «polarity epochs.»»

What happens when the world moves into a warm, interglacial period isn't certain, but in 2009, a paper published in Science by researchers found that upwelling in the Southern Ocean increased as the last ice age waned, correlated to a rapid rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Scientists say that other factors, including stress caused by a massive upwelling of cold water, toxic blooms of phytoplankton and an infestation of amoebae could be involved.

If that upwelled material is denser than what was blasted away by the impact, the crater ends up with the same mass as it had before the impact happened.

The waters probed during this study, known as the California Current, are a hot spot of ocean acidification because of coastal upwelling, which brings naturally acidic waters to the surface, where they are made even more acidic by greenhouse gas pollution.

«This stability is directly linked to and controlled by mantle upwelling,» or the release of heat from Earth's core through the mantle to the surface.

In Pacific Panamá, La Niña - like periods are characterized by a cold, wet climate with strong seasonal upwelling.

Average ocean surface pH is expected to drop to about 7.8 off the West Coast by 2050, and could drop further during coastal upwelling periods.

Climate simulations suggest that that upwelling has generally cooled Earth's climate, stifling about 0.1 °C to 0.2 °C in warming that would have occurred by 2012 if winds hadn't been inordinately strong, the researchers reported online yesterday in Nature Climate Change.

Phytoplankton production is enhanced by strong winds (because they cause upwelling of nutrients from deeper waters) and diminished by weaker winds, and the scientists found evidence that trade winds were weaker then.

A group of former and current Arizona State University researchers say chemical differences found between rocks samples at volcanic hotspots around the world can be explained by a model of mantle dynamics that involves plumes, upwellings of abnormally hot rock within the Earth's mantle, that originate in the lower mantle and physically interact with chemically distinct piles of material.

Inspired by dynamic shifts in pH due to upwelling — the movement of nutrient - rich water toward the ocean surface — the researchers took urchins from the Santa Barbara Channel and brought them into the lab.

One of the largest and most extensive low - oxygen zones ever recorded off the West Coast prevailed off the Oregon Coast last summer, probably driven by low - oxygen water upwelled from the deep ocean, the report said.

The new measurements suggest that what is really happening is just the opposite: Instead of narrow jets, there are broad upwellings, which are balanced by narrow channels of sinking material called slabs.

Some of the tagged individuals headed into the Indian Ocean, which may have been motivated by an abundant food supply related to seasonal upwelling.

My research indicates that the Siberian peat moss, Arctic tundra, and methal hydrates (frozen methane at the bottom of the ocean) all have an excellent chance of melting and releasing their stored co2.Recent methane concentration figures also hit the news last week, and methane has increased after a long time being steady.The forests of north america are drying out and are very susceptible to massive insect infestations and wildfires, and the massive die offs - 25 % of total forests, have begun.And, the most recent stories on the Amazon forecast that with the change in rainfall patterns one third of the Amazon will dry and turn to grassland, thereby creating a domino cascade effect for the rest of the Amazon.With co2 levels risng faster now that the oceans have reached carrying capacity, the oceans having become also more acidic, and the looming threat of a North Atlanic current shutdown (note the recent terrible news on salinity upwelling levels off Greenland,) and the change in cold water upwellings, leading to far less biomass for the fish to feed upon, all lead to the conclusion we may not have to worry about NASA completing its inventory of near earth objects greater than 140 meters across by 2026 (Recent Benjamin Dean astronomy lecture here in San Francisco).

1) «Cold Spot» is mainly driven by Wind - Forcing over the SPG (Subpolar - Gyre), which is deepens the mixed Layer and cause upwelling of colder Water.

Known as the «sulfur pearl of Namibia,» this anaerobic species digests organic matter under low - oxygen (or no - oxygen) conditions that are caused by high rates of phytoplankton growth in the Benguela upwelling zone, and the subsequent decay of large masses of dead phytoplankton that have fallen to the seafloor.

Likewise some of the emission by carbon dioxide will be upwelling and some will be downwelling.

«As the denser material on the bottom heats up, it rises in these upwellings that have a mushroom head followed by a long tail.»

The island's volcanism is associated with the rifting along the Azores Triple Junction; the spread of the crust along the existing faults and fractures has produced many of the active volcanic and seismic events, [22] while supported by buoyant upwelling in the deeper mantle, some associate with an Azores hotspot.

Marlborough is famous for epic right hand point breaks that are intensified by deep ocean trenches and tidal upwellings.

Ballestas Islands The sea which flows around the Ballestas Islands in Peru is fed by the Humboldt current, with an upwelling rich in nutrients making it what biologists...

There is often current on dives, but it is the upwellings caused by these currents that bring forth the abundant marine life, from the ever present anthias to the reef sharks and other large predators.

There's typically an initial ocean uptake as tropical East Pacific upwelling (CO2 degassing) is reduced, followed by a stronger release of carbon from land.

110 meow: But the extra water vapor created by an accelerated hydro cycle is also a strong GHG, so it traps more upwelling IR.

But the extra water vapor created by an accelerated hydro cycle is also a strong GHG, so it traps more upwelling IR.

According to a highly quoted paper by Feely (Science 2008), the upwelled waters were last in contact with the atmosphere about 50 years.

(1) CO2 in the troposphere, by repeatedly absorbing and re-emitting IR, reduces upwelling IR to the stratosphere (over the wavelengths where stratospheric CO2 would absorb).

This may suggest that the decreased upwelling IR from the troposphere is offsetting the warming caused by increasing ozone.

There is less absorption by CO2 of upwelling infra - red light above the troposphere, but increased emission as a function of increased concentrations.