Sentences with phrase «by urban heat»

There have been a number of studies suggesting that ground - based data is severely compromised by urban heat island effects, inappropriate placement of monitors that increase recorded temperatures over what they would have been if the instruments had been properly cited, and the drop - out of a large number of rural stations in the 1970s.

The stations used are predominantly urban and affected by the urban heat island effect (UHIE), this means the temperatures from the two regions are higher in summer and winter.

2) Some stations must be biased warm by urban heat islands, but their influence on the global trend can't be detected with any of the techniques available for separating urban and non-urban stations.

The frequency of heat waves is expected to rise, made worse by urban heat islands; and rainfall is projected to become intense and erratic in some regions.

A paper by Ross McKitrick, an economics professor at the University of Guelph, and Patrick Michaels, an environmental studies professor at the University of Virginia, concludes that half of the global warming trend from 1980 to 2002 is caused by Urban Heat Island.

There are vast areas of land with little or no temperature readings, and many of the thermometers they do have are contaminated by urban heat island effects.

Some of the temperature increases shown by Dr Jones in fact are caused by temperature recording stations that were once in rural locations on the outskirts of cities now being affected by the Urban Heat Island effect as urban development surrounded the weather stations.

«satellite data shows that all of the land - based data is corrupted by the Urban Heat Island effect.»

It should be noted that city and large town temperature readings may be influened by urban heat islands.

Although he doesn't actually come out and say it, Evans suggests that the global warming trend in the surface temperature record is an artifact caused by the urban heat island (UHI) effect:

Surface global temperature data may have been hopelessly corrupted by the urban heat island effect and other problems which may explain some portion of the warming that would otherwise be attributed to GHGs / CO2.

Back in ’88 there was still quite a debate about whether the world was in fact warming or whether the temperature record had been contaminated by the urban heat island effect of cities springing up around former rural weather stations.

It seems clear to me that that mountain glaciers and permafrost are: 1 sensitive indicators of changes in temperature; 2 uncontaminated by urban heat islands; 3 have short response times (no problem with lagged response to Little Ice Age cooling); have wide geographical coverage (especially in remote areas).

De Sherbinin notes the research did not tease apart how much these trends were caused by the urban heating effect versus climate change.

Not exact matches

Measures that tackle the urban heat island effect also make cities more energy efficient (by reducing the cooling needs inside buildings) and more comfortable (by shading city residents).

Stone has estimated how many heat - related deaths could be avoided by reducing urban heat island effects.

Using a global climate model, a team led by Princeton University researchers measured how severely heat waves interact with urban heat islands, now and in the future, in 50 American cities across three climate zones.

Sunbelt cities like Los Angeles, Riverside, Calif., and Houston, with their seemingly endless sunny days, gridlocked urban sprawl and heat - trapping stagnant air masses, contain the highest average concentrations of ozone, according to a 2009 study by University of California, Berkeley scientists.

Gary Cohen, president and founder of the Massachusetts - based nonprofit Health Care Without Harm, said in a telephone interview that the risks of climate change to both the health of U.S. citizens and the U.S. health care delivery system is profound, particularly in urban areas, where warming average temperatures are exacerbated by the heat island effect and high concentrations of other air pollution like ozone and particulate matter.

Although he hasn't gone through the papers in detail, he is already questioning the results reported by the Berkeley team regarding the questionable research stations and the urban heat island effect.

A third focuses on the urban heat island effect and a fourth looks specifically at temperature stations that have been labeled as problematic by skeptics.

Reducing the so - called «urban heat island» effect by expanding urban forests and promoting white rooftops.

Large, densely populated urban areas are highly susceptible to exhausting heat waves exacerbated by the «heat island» effect in which once permeable, cooling surfaces like open land, bodies of water and vegetation have been replaced with surfaces that capture and retain heat like asphalt and concrete.

The more detailed understanding of urban heat islands provided by the study can help health professionals and others target efforts to protect people and infrastructure from heat - related problems, according to project co-leads Tracy Twine and Peter Snyder, associate professors in the College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resource Sciences.

Global warming will bring increased summer heat waves nationwide that are especially harmful to low - income and minority populations in urban areas and the elderly, according to a new report by environmental and public health groups.

Innovative urban design could create increased access to active transport.99 The compact geographical area found in cities presents opportunities to reduce energy use and emissions of heat - trapping gases and other air pollutants through active transit, improved building construction, provision of services, and infrastructure creation, such as bike paths and sidewalks.303, 318 Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban design could create increased access to active transport.99 The compact geographical area found in cities presents opportunities to reduce energy use and emissions of heat - trapping gases and other air pollutants through active transit, improved building construction, provision of services, and infrastructure creation, such as bike paths and sidewalks.303, 318 Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311Urban planning strategies designed to reduce the urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban heat island effect, such as green / cool roofs, increased green space, parkland and urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban canopy, could reduce indoor temperatures, improve indoor air quality, and could produce additional societal co-benefits by promoting social interaction and prioritizing vulnerable urban populations.311urban populations.311, 303

We carefully studied issues raised by skeptics: biases from urban heating (we duplicated our results using rural data alone), from data selection (prior groups selected fewer than 20 percent of the available temperature stations; we used virtually 100 percent), from poor station quality (we separately analyzed good stations and poor ones) and from human intervention and data adjustment (our work is completely automated and hands - off).

Alexandri and Jones say their results suggest the urban heat island effect could be countered by introducing green roofs and walls in cities.

The reasoning behind this is that the major cause of urban heat islands is the reduced cooling that occurs at night when the «view to space» of the surface is blocked by buildings.

They specifically wanted to answer the question is «the temperature rise on land improperly affected by the four key biases (station quality, homogenization, urban heat island, and station selection)?»

These so - called heat islands are simply urban areas surrounded by asphalt roads, concrete and less grass and tree shade.

By now you've probably either read a lot of reviews of Urban Decay's Naked Heat Eyeshadow Palette ($ 54) or purchased it.

Half the increase in urban land across the world over the next 20 years will occur in Asia, with the most extensive change expected to take place in India and China Urban areas modify their local and regional climate through the urban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecurban land across the world over the next 20 years will occur in Asia, with the most extensive change expected to take place in India and China Urban areas modify their local and regional climate through the urban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecUrban areas modify their local and regional climate through the urban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecurban heat island effect and by altering precipitation patterns, which together will have significant impacts on net primary production, ecos...

WASHINGTON — The Federal Housing Administration will stop approving new mortgages on properties encumbered by assessments used to finance and update heating and cooling systems, the Department of Housing and Urban Development said Thursday.

Inn by the Sea offers a perfect combination of relaxed seaside getaway in a naturally beautiful coastal setting, with a mile of pristine sand beach, rejuvenating sea inspired SPA, heated pool and captivating local cuisine in ocean view Sea Glass restaurant, yet is only minutes from Portland's urban chic, small port city with shopping, galleries and water activities.

«Creative Time Global Residency: Reports From the Field», New York, NY, December 3, 2013 «Urban Imprint: The Art and Science Shaping Our Cities,» hosted by The University of Chicago, Jazz at Lincoln Center's Frederick P. Rose Hall, New York, NY, November 14, 2013 «Cultural Investment: Creating a Civic Identity Through the Arts,» CityLab: Urban Solutions for Global Challenges, NYU Skirball Center for the Performing Arts, New York, NY, October 7, 2013 «One State Together in the Arts» One State Illinois Conference, Quad Cities, IL, June 24, 2013 «Theaster Gates in Conversation with Romi Crawford,» Black Collectivities, Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Chicago, IL, May 4, 2013 «LINC Legacy and Advancements in the Field,» hosted by the Ford Foundation, May 2013 «Constituency Engagement — Culture - Initiated Redevelopment: Strategies in Innovative Constituent Engagement,» Association of Black Foundation Executives, Palmer House Hilton Hotel, Chicago, IL, April 6, 2013 «Creating Heat - The Artist as Catalyst: Theaster Gates at TEDxUNC,» University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, February 9, 2013 «Building CapaCity Session,» World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, Davos, Switzerland, January 26, 2013 «Creative Resilience Session,» World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, Davos, Switzerland, January 25, 2013 «Transformative Art: Theaster Gates,» World Economic Forum Annual Meeting, Davos, Switzerland, January 23, 2013

Human induced trend has two components, namely (a) greenhouse effect [this includes global and local / regional component] and (b) non-greenhouse effect [local / regional component]-- according to IPCC (a) is more than half of global average temperature anomaly wherein it also includes component of volcanic activities, etc that comes under greenhouse effect; and (b) contribution is less than half — ecological changes component but this is biased positive side by urban - heat - island effect component as the met network are concentrated in urban areas and rural - cold - island effect is biased negative side as the met stations are sparsely distributed though rural area is more than double to urban area.

My second vote is for reducing the urban / peri-urban heat sink by putting reflective rather than absorptive roofing on buildings and houses.

At face value, the satellite data is supported by weather balloon data, covers a much larger area of the globe than the surface - based data, and, as you pointed out, is free from the urban heat island effect and other potential flaws of surface measurements.

However, the actual claim of IPCC is that the effects of urban heat islands effects are likely small in the gridded temperature products (such as produced by GISS and Climate Research Unit (CRU)-RRB- because of efforts to correct for those biases.

There are quite a few reasons to believe that the surface temperature record — which shows a warming of approximately 0.6 ° -0.8 °C over the last century (depending on precisely how the warming trend is defined)-- is essentially uncontaminated by the effects of urban growth and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) efurban growth and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) efUrban Heat Island (UHI) effect.

Away from the dense network of heat absorbing (daytime) then heat radiating (nighttime) structures which is the Urban Heat Island and above the air with high water vapor content trapped by the valley along the river, not to mention the pall of coal dust over the city, morning low temps were much more like what the natural countryside would experieheat absorbing (daytime) then heat radiating (nighttime) structures which is the Urban Heat Island and above the air with high water vapor content trapped by the valley along the river, not to mention the pall of coal dust over the city, morning low temps were much more like what the natural countryside would experieheat radiating (nighttime) structures which is the Urban Heat Island and above the air with high water vapor content trapped by the valley along the river, not to mention the pall of coal dust over the city, morning low temps were much more like what the natural countryside would experieHeat Island and above the air with high water vapor content trapped by the valley along the river, not to mention the pall of coal dust over the city, morning low temps were much more like what the natural countryside would experience.

The» top ten» arguments employed by the relatively few deniers with credentials in any aspect of climate - change science (which arguments include «the sun is doing it», «Earth's climate was changing before there were people here», «climate is changing on Mars but there are no SUVs there», «the Earth hasn't been warming since 1998», «thermometer records showing heating are contaminated by the urban - heat - island effect», «satellite measurements show cooling rather than warming») have all been shown in the serious scientific literature to be wrong or irrelevant, but explaining their defects requires at least a paragraph or two for each one.

Other important issues — Dan might be able to say more about urban heat islands, and how they might grow in the future, and be exacerbated by possible large temperature increases.

The vegetation planted on green roofs has proved to have an effective impact on urban heat islands by regulating fluctuating ambient temperatures and improving micro-climates.

Generally, the remaining uncorrected effect from urban heat islands is now believed to be less than 0.1 C, and in some parts of the world it may be more than fully compensated for by other changes in measurement methods.4 Nevertheless, this remains an important source of uncertainty.The warming trend observed over the past century is too large to be easily dismissed as a consequence of measurement errors.

By taking the estimate of 0.1 degrees C per decade and multiplying by 5 to get 0.5 degrees C, or 44 %, Geoffry Smith gets a rather larger figure for his urban heat island effect estimate than he would from the more direct subtraction of 0.81 from 1.13 (0.32 degrees C, or 38 %By taking the estimate of 0.1 degrees C per decade and multiplying by 5 to get 0.5 degrees C, or 44 %, Geoffry Smith gets a rather larger figure for his urban heat island effect estimate than he would from the more direct subtraction of 0.81 from 1.13 (0.32 degrees C, or 38 %by 5 to get 0.5 degrees C, or 44 %, Geoffry Smith gets a rather larger figure for his urban heat island effect estimate than he would from the more direct subtraction of 0.81 from 1.13 (0.32 degrees C, or 38 %).

The other effect that may exist here (but I am less certain of the science, commenters can help me out) is that by saying «your hometown» we put the bet into the domain of urban heat islands and temperature station siting issues.

A global - scale instrumental temperature record that has not been contaminated by (a) artificial urban heat (asphalt, machines, industrial waste heat, etc.), (b) ocean - air affected biases (detailed herein), or (c) artificial adjustments to past data that uniformly serve to cool the past and warm the present... is now available.

Even the most pronounced warming, evident from the cities of Hobart and Melbourne, is within what could be considered natural — though the trends shown here are likely to be artificially exaggerated by the method of measuring temperature since 1996 ** (electronic probes) and the urban heat island (UHI) effect.