Sentences with phrase «by urban warming»

In a worldwide set of about 270 stations, Parker (2004, 2006) noted that warming trends in night minimum temperatures over the period 1950 to 2000 were not enhanced on calm nights, which would be the time most likely to be affected by urban warming.

This is close to the warming of 1.09 °C (0.86 — 1.31 °C) observed in global mean land temperatures over the period 1951 — 2010, which, in contrast to China's recorded temperature change, is only weakly affected by urban warming influences.

Anthropogenic effects can also cause a non-climatic cooling, for example, as a result of irrigation and planting of vegetation, but these effects are usually outweighed by urban warming.

Not exact matches

However halting, despite the hiccoughs and errors, it's hard not to be strangely warmed that many churches aspire to replicate the work of the early church, stunningly summarized by Rodney Stark in one of my favorite quotations: «Christianity revitalized life in Greco - Roman cities by providing new norms and new kinds of social relationships able to cope with many urgent urban problems.

Every detail of Loews Regency is focused on enticing today's sophisticated, urban traveler, by offering them warm, personalized service and the benefit of the perfect Park Avenue location for a true New York experience.»

Michael Mina 74 is being created by the award - winning design firm, AvroKO and will evoke a rich, stylish tone with design details that carefully blend elements of urban street with warm, relaxed comforts of a beachside Mediterranean villa.

Climate change has generally proved beneficial to trees because warmer temperatures stimulate photosynthesis and extend the growing season, and both rural and urban trees grew faster by up to 17 % after 1960.

One factor is that researchers have found warmer temperatures increase the number of young produced by the gloomy scale insect — a significant tree pest — by 300 percent, which in turn leads to 200 times more adult gloomy scales on urban trees.

«We found that urban warming reduced carbon storage by all of Raleigh's willow oaks by 12 percent, or 27 metric tons per year,» Meineke says.

Gary Cohen, president and founder of the Massachusetts - based nonprofit Health Care Without Harm, said in a telephone interview that the risks of climate change to both the health of U.S. citizens and the U.S. health care delivery system is profound, particularly in urban areas, where warming average temperatures are exacerbated by the heat island effect and high concentrations of other air pollution like ozone and particulate matter.

The San Francisco Planning and Urban Research Association mentioned the idea this week as part of an extensive analysis of how global warming might affect the City by the Bay, which is thought to be highly susceptible to flooding and other dangers in the decades ahead.

The top 12 also included three areas of environmental concern: air pollution by oxides of nitrogen and other combustion products; the increase in carbon dioxide levels causing global warming; and urban waste.

Global warming will bring increased summer heat waves nationwide that are especially harmful to low - income and minority populations in urban areas and the elderly, according to a new report by environmental and public health groups.

Frustrated by the ongoing diplomatic stalemate, a number of urban leaders have decided to take matters into their own hands, adopting solutions that already exist or inventing new ones for limiting greenhouse gas emissions and preparing for the effects of ongoing global warming.

The warming trend is the same in rural and urban areas, measured by thermometers and satellites, and by natural thermometers.

Additionally, sea level rise driven by climate warming combined with coastal subsidence related to human activities increased the storm surge while urban development such as paving over grasslands and prairies are likely to have exacerbated flooding.

Featuring a quiet urban street on a rainy day depicted in greys and warm golden tones, the Metro Lights I Canvas Wall Art by Marmont Hill is an exquisite work of art.

This outfit features a navy and white knit stripe dress by Design History and lots of warm neutral makeup by Urban Decay.

Sure, there are appearances by luminaries from a wide spectrum of life (Keith Urban, Bruce Springsteen, Steve Martin, and President Bill Clinton, to name a few) who speak to what a figure of consequence Campbell was, but so much more of the film is filled with family and friends who offer both warm memories of Campbell and chilling insight into how this disease is so painful to watch.

Amongst the bad news is the spread of invasive species, chemical pollution, global warming, species decline, over-logging and urban sprawl (for example in 15 years Pennsylvania has increased its «urban footprint» by 47 % while its population has increased by only 2.5 %).

Our Mexican restaurant in Scottsdale offers guests the chance to dine amid warm, Spanish architecture, wood - beamed ceilings, flagstone and beehive fireplaces, all accented by modern urban touches, new upholstery, lighting fixtures and a stunning main entrance showcasing the restaurant's tequila bar.

This takes public domain data provided by the Met Services, homogenises it and makes a correction for urban warming based on nearby rural stations.

After much debate the issue was pretty much settled, in terms of figuring out how to compensate for the urban effect and detecting a warming trend anyway, by 1990.

There are quite a few reasons to believe that the surface temperature record — which shows a warming of approximately 0.6 ° -0.8 °C over the last century (depending on precisely how the warming trend is defined)-- is essentially uncontaminated by the effects of urban growth and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) efurban growth and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) efUrban Heat Island (UHI) effect.

In comparing temperatures of years separated by 60 or 70 years the uncertainties in various adjustments (urban warming, station history adjustments, etc.) lead to an uncertainty of at least 0.1 °C.

The» top ten» arguments employed by the relatively few deniers with credentials in any aspect of climate - change science (which arguments include «the sun is doing it», «Earth's climate was changing before there were people here», «climate is changing on Mars but there are no SUVs there», «the Earth hasn't been warming since 1998», «thermometer records showing heating are contaminated by the urban - heat - island effect», «satellite measurements show cooling rather than warming») have all been shown in the serious scientific literature to be wrong or irrelevant, but explaining their defects requires at least a paragraph or two for each one.

Back in ’88 there was still quite a debate about whether the world was in fact warming or whether the temperature record had been contaminated by the urban heat island effect of cities springing up around former rural weather stations.

The urban station would be affected by the warming of the asphalt on sunny days.

Generally, the remaining uncorrected effect from urban heat islands is now believed to be less than 0.1 C, and in some parts of the world it may be more than fully compensated for by other changes in measurement methods.4 Nevertheless, this remains an important source of uncertainty.The warming trend observed over the past century is too large to be easily dismissed as a consequence of measurement errors.

This is plagued by subjective, manual adjustments that in many cases can not be justified, sites with years of missing data, sites that should not have been used because of Urban contamination, and a large warming bias.

The author's points on non-linearity and time delays are actually more relevant to the discussion in other presentations when I talked about whether the climate models that show high future sensitivities to CO2 are consistent with past history, particularly if warming in the surface temperature record is exaggerated by urban biases.

A global - scale instrumental temperature record that has not been contaminated by (a) artificial urban heat (asphalt, machines, industrial waste heat, etc.), (b) ocean - air affected biases (detailed herein), or (c) artificial adjustments to past data that uniformly serve to cool the past and warm the present... is now available.

Even the most pronounced warming, evident from the cities of Hobart and Melbourne, is within what could be considered natural — though the trends shown here are likely to be artificially exaggerated by the method of measuring temperature since 1996 ** (electronic probes) and the urban heat island (UHI) effect.

------------------------------------ And here's what the proxies vs. the highly adjusted instrumental data that have been hopelessly corrupted by removing thousands of rural stations and keeping urban stations, moving rural sites to airports, «mostly made up» SH sea surface temperatures, cooling down the 1930s and 1940s artificially to remove 0.5 C from the early 20th century warming... look like.

Surface global temperature data may have been hopelessly corrupted by the urban heat island effect and other problems which may explain some portion of the warming that would otherwise be attributed to GHGs / CO2.

Although he doesn't actually come out and say it, Evans suggests that the global warming trend in the surface temperature record is an artifact caused by the urban heat island (UHI) effect:

and b) the urban heat effect (see recent paper by McKitrick), the consensus on a warming trend would appear differently; add to that the fact that some analysis show that the 75 - 95 higher temperatures may be partly due to effectiveness of anti-pollution policies, and you may realise that a consensus on higher temperatures may be based on sand rather than anything else.

Also contributing to the warmer urban atmosphere is the blanket of pollutants and water vapour that absorbs a portion of the thermal radiation emitted by the Earth's surface.

Posted by Olive Heffernan on behalf of Paty Romero Lankao It does make sense to compare the per capita CO2 emissions of Mexico City and Los Angeles (see figure below) to illuminate the debate on shared but differentiated responsibilities on greenhouse gases emissions and show that just as urban centers register different levels and paths of economic development, cities do not contribute at the same level to global warming.

«We evaluate to what extent the temperature rise in the past 100 years was a trend or a natural fluctuation and analyze 2249 worldwide monthly temperature records from GISS (NASA) with the 100 - year period covering 1906 - 2005 and the two 50 - year periods from 1906 to 1955 and 1956 to 2005... The data document a strong urban heat island eff ect (UHI) and a warming with increasing station elevation... About a quarter of all the records for the 100 - year period show a fall in temperatures... that the observed temperature records are a combination of long - term correlated records with an additional trend, which is caused for instance by anthropogenic CO2, the UHI or other forcings... As a result, the probabilities that the observed temperature series are natural have values roughly between 40 % and 90 %, depending on the stations characteristics and the periods considered.»

Yang et al. published an extensive study on the impact of UHI on China's warming and discovered that over 40 % of the increase could be explained by the UHI effect in some urban areas.

Urban areas are warmer than rural areas, and many weather stations around the world have become surrounded by urban sprawl since the Industrial RevoluUrban areas are warmer than rural areas, and many weather stations around the world have become surrounded by urban sprawl since the Industrial Revoluurban sprawl since the Industrial Revolution.

51 Fig. 20 - 14, p. 481 Cut fossil fuel use (especially coal) Shift from coal to natural gas Improve energy efficiency Shift to renewable energy resources Transfer energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies to developing countries Reduce deforestation Use more sustainable agriculture and forestry Limit urban sprawl Reduce poverty Slow population growth Remove CO 2 from smoke stack and vehicle emissions Store (sequester) CO2 by planting trees Sequester CO 2 deep underground Sequester CO 2 in soil by using no - till cultivation and taking cropland out of production Sequester CO 2 in the deep ocean Repair leaky natural gas pipelines and facilities Use animal feeds that reduce CH 4 emissions by belching cows Solutions Global Warming PreventionCleanup

While the main culprit is carbon emissions, urban heat islands — exacerbated by dark roofs and pavements — make the effect of global warming even worse for urban dwellers.

In other words, UHI * is the value of the urban - heat - island effect if wind were not reducing it by replacing warmer air with colder; and NSTI * is the effect of the near - surface temperature inversion if the wind were not mixing up the air near the ground with the air a little higher up.

Help this muddle along by using population data 30 years out of date, shifting even more urban warming into the non-urban group.

Lastly Parker does not seem to speculate on the fairly consistent higher trend of temperature increase he found on windy days compared to calm days, except to say it is the opposite of an urban warming signal and earlier in his paper to speculate that the windy days might not be as impacted by bad temperature sensing apparatus and siting.

«The reality of urban warming on local and small regional scales is not questioed by this work; it is the impact of urban warming on estimates of global and large regional trends that is shown to be small.»

Muller spent two years investigating claims by global - warming deniers that temperature rises verified by multiple studies were skewed because of flawed analysis, unreliable weather stations and the effect of urban heat islands.

As I have documented before Parmesan has «inaccurately» blamed CO2 warming for extinctions due to lost habitat from urban sprawl, hijacked conservation success to argue poleward movement of butterflies was caused by climate change, and blamed CO2 and extreme weather for a population extinction caused by logging while neighboring natural populations thrived.