The objectives of this study were (a) to establish the profile of PCHP participants and (b) to assess performance outcomes over the course of the program
by use of standardized test scores.
Not exact matches
Infants would be examined
by medical providers at regular intervals for the presence
of atopic dermatitis (
using standardized scoring methods) as well as food allergic symptoms and other allergic disease (confirmed
by IgE
testing), and not just the presence
of allergic sensitization.
After extensive research on teacher evaluation procedures, the Measures
of Effective Teaching Project mentions three different measures to provide teachers with feedback for growth: (1) classroom observations
by peer - colleagues
using validated scales such as the Framework for Teaching or the Classroom Assessment
Scoring System, further described in Gathering Feedback for Teaching (PDF) and Learning About Teaching (PDF), (2) student evaluations
using the Tripod survey developed
by Ron Ferguson from Harvard, which measures students» perceptions
of teachers» ability to care, control, clarify, challenge, captivate, confer, and consolidate, and (3) growth in student learning based on
standardized test scores over multiple years.
While
standardized test scores are typically the measure
of student learning
used by VAM researchers, studies show that
test scores are subject to numerous factors that teachers do not control, according to Audrey Amrein and David Berliner (PDF).
,» published
by the Consortium on Chicago School Research, students whose teachers routinely gave «authentic intellectual assignments» increased their
scores on the Iowa
Test of Basic Skills (a widely used standardized test) by 20 percent more than the average increase in scores nationa
Test of Basic Skills (a widely
used standardized test) by 20 percent more than the average increase in scores nationa
test)
by 20 percent more than the average increase in
scores nationally.
We oppose high - stakes
standardized tests that falsely and unfairly label students
of color, students with disabilities and English Language Learners as failing, the
use of standardized test scores as basis for refusing to fund schools or to close schools, and the
use of student
test scores in teacher and principal evaluations, a practice which has been repeatedly rejected
by researchers.
In one year, he helped generate a 40 % drop in the number
of students
scoring below proficiency on a
standardized math
test by doubling the time all kids spent in math class and creating new, more accessible curricula that included
using photography to teach calculation skills.
Using the NLSLSASD's
standardized testing results
by subgroup, the analysis illuminates the potential role
of school isolation in student
test score performance.1
«The more time students spent
using the popular DreamBox blended - learning math software, the greater progress they made, according to a study
of standardized tests scores and student - usage logs
by Harvard researchers.
As explained in a guest blog this year
by by FairTest's Lisa Guisbond, these measures
use student
standardized test scores to track the growth
of individual students as they progress through the grades and see how much «value» a teacher has added.
While observers will judge Bloomberg and Klein's tenure
using standardized test scores — and even they agree those
scores are important measures — Klein has made no secret
of the fact that he wishes his team's work to be marked in the end
by significant upticks in both the graduation rate and the numbers
of students who pass basic
tests in order to qualify for a Regents diploma.
Nor are voucher schools generally required to give parents the information necessary to determine whether the schools are meeting the needs
of their children, such as
standardized test scores (which the schools might not even administer to all their students), curriculum
used by the schools, or teacher qualifications.
At the same time, their silence gives tacit support to arguments
by traditionalists that
standardized testing should not be
used in evaluating teachers or for systemic reform (even when, as seen this week from American Federation
of Teachers President Randi Weingarten and others critical
of the state education policy report card issued
by Rhee's StudentsFirst, find it convenient to
use test score data for their own purposes).
KNOWLEDGE BRIEF 15
by Stephen Raudenbush Student
scores on
standardized tests are
used as measures for teacher accountability, but, arguably, helping children
score well on an achievement
test is
of little value in itself.
A group
of Los Angeles teachers Wednesday unveiled their own proposal for a new performance review system that would
use both state
standardized test scores and assessments chosen
by individual schools to measure how well instructors help their students learn.
But the bill, supported
by the powerful California Teachers Assn., attracted a firestorm
of criticism over the costs to financially strapped districts and the requirement to negotiate with unions every element
of evaluations, including the
use of state
standardized test scores.
Last year Students Matter filed a lawsuit, Doe v. Antioch, against 13 California school districts, saying collective bargaining agreements in those districts violated the Stull Act
by explicitly prohibiting the
use of student
standardized test scores in assessing teacher performance.
In a guest editorial in Educational Leadership 20 years ago (April 1989), Art Costa suggested five approaches to «reassessing assessment»: (1) reestablish the school as the locus
of accountability; (2) expand the range and variety
of the assessment techniques
used; (3) systematize this variety
of assessment procedures
by developing schoolwide plans for collection and
use of information; (4) reeducate legislators, parents, board members, and the community to help them understand that
standardized test scores are inadequate indicators
of the quality
of schools, teachers, and students; and (5) remind ourselves that the purpose
of evaluation is to enable students to evaluate themselves.
Gary: with all due respect for those who post here, thank you for your patience with nit - picking, e.g., we could argue interminably over the
use of the terms «validity» and «reliability» and «bias» as they are
used generally and as they are
used in very specific ways
by psychometricians when talking about the construction and administration
of standardized tests and the inferences that could be drawn about
test scores.
Putting aside the broader problems associated with
using standardized mastery
tests to measure educational outcomes; there is overwhelming evidence that
test scores are impacted
by a number
of factors beyond simply what is going on in the classroom.
I still refuse because aggregate
test - results continue to be
used to castigate and punish the few economically and racially integrated schools in our state (like those in my town) for the results
of the opportunity gaps highlighted
by the disparate
scores of in - school subgroups on
standardized tests.
In every
standardized achievement
test whose
scores we
use to judge the quality
of the education received
by our children, family income strongly and significantly influences the mean
scores obtained.
Last month, a Gates Foundation study was released and said to be evidence
of the validity
of «value - added» measures to evaluate the effectiveness
of teachers
by using students»
standardized test scores.
However, to the dismay
of teachers, Governor Cuomo balked at a proposal
by legislators to impose a two - year moratorium on the
use of Common Core
standardized test scores in teacher evaluations, saying, «There is a difference between remedying the system for students and parents and
using this situation as yet another excuse to stop the teacher - evaluation process.»
The paper,
by Raj Chetty and John N. Friedman
of Harvard and Jonah E. Rockoff
of Columbia, tracked 2.5 million students over 20 years, and
using a value added approach, found that teachers who help students raise their
standardized test scores have a lasting positive effect on those students» lives beyond academics, including lower teenage - pregnancy rates, greater college matriculation and higher adult earnings.
The opposition
of the two unions to performance - based pay and objective data - based teacher evaluations
using student
test score growth data is driven more
by the realization that the teacher dismissal restrictions they support are inherently impediments to professionalism than
by an ideological belief that
standardized testing has no value in measuring teacher performance.
Fit indices
used to evaluate the model included a χ2 goodness -
of - fit
test (nonsignificant values indicate good fits), the comparative fit index (
scores of > 0.95 indicate better fits), the root mean square error
of approximation (values
of < 0.05 indicate good fits), and the
standardized root mean square residual (values
of < 0.08 indicate good fits).43, 44 Missing values were imputed through multiple imputation
by using functions in the missing data library in S - Plus (Insightful Corp, Seattle, WA).45, 46 The combined data for the cross - lagged / survival model converged more quickly with 15 imputed data sets than did the model that
used a likelihood - based approach to missing data.
Research demonstrates that social and emotional learning programs raise students»
standardized test scores by an average
of 11 percentile points, while improving attitudes, behavior, and interpersonal communication, and decreasing problematic conduct, such as drug
use, high - risk sexual interaction, and aggression.