Sentences with phrase «by volcanic events»

On the basis of the above two charts it seems that the global background trend in stratosphere and troposphere is not significantly affected by volcanic events or individual El Nino events.

Not exact matches

Catastrophes can be caused by various natural events, including, among others, hurricanes, tornadoes and other windstorms, earthquakes, hail, wildfires, severe winter weather, floods, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions and other naturally occurring events, such as solar flares.

The first 110,000 annual layers of snow in that ice core (GISP2) have been visually counted and corroborated by two to three different and independent methods as well as by correlation with volcanic eruptions and other datable events.

The second event was a paper published by Cole - Dai and two colleagues titled «Ice Core Evidence for an Explosive Tropical Volcanic Eruption 6 Years Preceding Tambora.»

By contrast, volcanic eruptions occurring in the 2,000 years before that can not be dated reliably, while the dates of even older volcanic events can be determined relatively accurately using the C14 method.

(The five previous extinction events all came before the evolution of Homo sapiens, apparently triggered by a cataclysmic event or combination of events, such as a fall in sea level, an asteroid impact, volcanic activity.)

Beyond human activity, tropical sea surface temperatures further back in time are affected by volcanic eruptions, changes in the intensity of sunlight and natural events like El Niño.

You'd love to actually find evidence of that event in the geological record, but on Earth the early record was destroyed by volcanic and tectonic processes.

Tsunamis triggered by point - source events such as volcanic collapses or submarine landslides are not likely to have as wide an impact because the waves appear to dissipate quickly with distance.

By measuring the abundance of an isotope of the noble gas argon in the rock or its crystals, Gazel and his colleague Michael Kunk of the U.S. Geological Survey found that the magma was much younger than the last known volcanic event on the East Coast — which occurred when the supercontinent of Pangaea slowly pulled apart into North America, Africa and South America some 200 million years ago, forming the Atlantic Ocean in the process.

More than 70 percent of all volcanic activity on Earth occurs on the seafloor, but details of these events are largely hidden from view by seawater.

To help solve this issue, two deep ice cores were drilled at the remote dome summits Dome Fuji (DF) and EPICA Dome C (EDC) in Antarctica and were subsequently synchronized in time by matching identical volcanic events.

Gases spewed by similar volcanic outpourings have been linked to other major extinction events.

The volcanic events associated with these intervals caused global weather and climate phenomena and are often used by climate modelers as well to understand volcanic sulfate loading on the climate.

The team determined that the basalts from Baffin Island, formed by a 60 - million - year - old eruption from the mantle hot - spot currently located beneath Iceland, and the Ontong - Java Plateau, which was formed by an enormous volcanic event about 120 million years ago, contain slightly more tungsten - 182 than other young volcanic rocks.

Spikes in temperature are caused by major volcanic events, which push sulfur dioxide and other aerosols into the lower stratosphere.

Zooming in on the period after 1970, one sees a record of largely unabated warming, with temperatures increasing steadily accompanied by some short - term variability driven by El Niño and La Niña events, and also by major volcanic eruptions like Pinatubo in 1992.

The long timescales (even ignoring the «Earth system» responses like ice sheets and vegetation) are not easy to get at in the instrumental record or by studying «abrupt forcing» events like volcanic eruptions.

What is your level of confidence in the prediction made by GISS: «barring the unlikely event of a large volcanic eruption, a record global temperature clearly exceeding that of 2005 can be expected within the next 2 - 3 years.»

The island's volcanism is associated with the rifting along the Azores Triple Junction; the spread of the crust along the existing faults and fractures has produced many of the active volcanic and seismic events, [22] while supported by buoyant upwelling in the deeper mantle, some associate with an Azores hotspot.

The Permian - Triassic extinction event was likely caused by a giant volcanic rift opened in what is now Siberia, and for tens of thousands of years it dumped gigatons of CO2 into the atmosphere.

If the missing rings are real but vary by region then you should be able to do regional reconstructions that show dramatic responses to the volcanic events in some regions (that didn't miss), and much smaller response in others (where the ring was missed).

I say usually, since there are cases such as the trees flattened by the Tunguska impact, or buried by volcanic ash, that quite obviously recorded direct effects these event.

I've sometimes thought that global cataclysms like the largest volcanic eruptions would disrupt the glacial records by many years, like Oruanui eruption c. 26500bp, as these would induce unrecorded behavior in weather and other things, f.e. the huge ash deposits might decrease the albedo so much a local melting event happens.

I think there is an important context here that is easy to lose in all of the emphasis on the thing that the trees don't appear to be doing well w / (i.e. the response to the high - frequency cooling events associated primarily with explosive volcanic eruptions): that's, the thing that the trees appear to be doing remarkably well with, i.e. capturing the long - term trends and low - frequency variability that is predicted by the climate model simulations.

Indeed, one complicating issue is that many volcanic eruptions are shortly followed by large El Nino events (e.g. Emile - Geay argue strongly for such a response to the AD 1258 eruption).

It actually ended up reinforcing a controversial hypothesis that had been put forward more than two decades ago by a scientist who had argued there was a relationship between tropical volcanic eruptions and El Nino events.

This is what I meant by dividing the volcanic / sun / possible meteor impact and other «climate independent» events.

Adding sulfur to the statosphere would do some real serious direct or indirect chemical chain reactions, already known by past volcanic events, when stratospheric Ozone concentrations dip after strong eruptions.

... we strongly support Delworth and Knutson's (2000) contention that this high - latitude warming event represents primarily natural variability within the climate system, rather than being caused primarily by external forcings, whether solar forcing alone (Thejll and Lassen, 2000) or a combination of increasing solar irradiance, increasing anthropogenic trace gases, and decreasing volcanic aerosols.

I chose the 1997/98 El Niño because that event wasn't opposed by a volcanic eruption and it was large enough to overwhelm the background noise.

REMOVING THE LINEAR EFFECTS OF ENSO AND VOLCANIC AEROSOLS HELP TO SHOW THE TIMING OF THE WARMING Many papers and blog posts that attempt to prove the existence of anthropogenic global warming remove the obvious linear effects of El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and of stratospheric aerosols discharged by explosive volcanic erVOLCANIC AEROSOLS HELP TO SHOW THE TIMING OF THE WARMING Many papers and blog posts that attempt to prove the existence of anthropogenic global warming remove the obvious linear effects of El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events and of stratospheric aerosols discharged by explosive volcanic ervolcanic eruptions.

If by observational data, you mean the amount of aerosols in the atmosphere, I think that would be a key piece of information that would need to be included in the models as without it the response to volcanic events can not be modeled or predicted.

Radiative forcing produced by explosive volcanic events that have occurred in the historic period lasts for about 3 years.

As an example, using online monthly climate agency data I made this chart to help me understand how the long term temperature trends are affected by major volcanic eruptions and El Nino - La Nina events.

«A climate pattern may come in the form of a regular cycle, like the diurnal cycle or the seasonal cycle; a quasi periodic event, like El Niño; or a highly irregular event, such as a volcanic winter... A mode of variability is a climate pattern with identifiable characteristics, specific regional effects, and often oscillatory behavior... the mode of variability with the greatest effect on climates worldwide is the seasonal cycle, followed by El Niño - Southern Oscillation, followed by thermohaline circulation.»

Two weeks ago we looked at the Triassic - Jurassic mass extinction, some 200 million years ago, that was caused by a large climatic warming event after the break - up of supercontinent Pangaea led to the release of enormous amounts of first [volcanic] CO2 and then methane [from disturbed clathrates — a positive warming feedback] into the atmosphere.

They have risen in response to all El Niño events (over the term of the Reynolds OI.v2 dataset) that weren't counteracted by volcanic eruptions.

We can see the temperature forcing of El Nino episodes driven by the surface cooling from large stratospheric volcanic events, and some research suggests that near permanent El Nino conditions existed during full glaciation ~ 20kyrs ago.

92) If one factors in non-greenhouse influences such as El Nino events and large volcanic eruptions, lower atmosphere satellite - based temperature measurements show little, if any, global warming since 1979, a period over which atmospheric CO2 has increased by 55 ppm (17 per cent).

For example, there are oceanic cycles like the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO, comprised of El Niño and La Niña events), an 11 - year solar cycle, and particulates released during volcanic eruptions which cause short - term cooling by blocking sunlight.

It kinda looks like the LIA was caused by a series of volcanic events and the ~ 60 year «oscillation» inspired by more volcanic activity while the globe was recovering from the LIA.

A rapid input of CO2, either from burning fossil fuels or from a big volcanic event will cause a short term rise in atmospheric CO2, followed by a rapid sequestration.

Further in the natural world CO2 is a feed back to temperature unless suddenly introduced in vast amounts by really major volcanic events e g the end Permian Siberian outpourings or the Deccan Traps.

Further in the natural world CO2 is a feed back to temperature unless suddenly introduced in vast amounts by really major volcanic events

Then throw in massive volcanic eruptions and huge continent wide brush fires caused by volcanoes or meteor showers (both theories I have seen in the literature) and you have many events that could cause climate disruption on a large scale.

The difference between 0.5 to 0.6 and 0.84 may be largely due to GCMs often exhibiting too strong a response to volcanic aerosols and / or a tendency for volcanic eruptions to be closely followed by El Nino events.

Great mass extinction of species during geological history (late Devonian, Permian - Triassic, end - Triassic, Cretaceous - Tertiary, Paleocene - Eocene) have been triggered by volcanic, asteroid impact and greenhouse events associated with sharp increases in atmospheric levels of CO2 and CH4.

Professor Plimer said climate change was caused by natural events such as volcanic eruptions, the shifting of the Earth's orbit and cosmic radiation.

What does seem to be known is that aerosols fall out of the lower atmosphere (as high as they can be launched with conventional bombs) in days, and persist for less than 2 years when launched into the stratosphere by a major volcanic event like Pinatubo which was equivalent to several H bombs.