Sentences with phrase «by warming surface waters»

I think the scientific community generally agrees that the intensity of these hurricanes has really been enhanced by warming surface waters, caused by global warming.

The drones can't come too soon for scientists who study the El Niño — Southern Oscillation, a set of shifting global temperature and rainfall patterns triggered by warm surface waters that slosh back and forth across the equatorial Pacific every few years.

Adapted for Australian oceans, the model simulates the effect of climate in the 2060s on temperature and currents in the warm pool, a tuna habitat defined by warmer surface water.

Once this change of angular momentum fades, the denser waters would fall back being replaced by warmer surface waters being draw back by gravity.

And part of it caused by the warm surface waters being blown back to the west when the trade winds resume after the El Niño.

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)-- characterized by warm surface waters flowing northward and cold deep waters flowing southward throughout the Atlantic basin — is defined as the zonal integral of the northward mass flux at a particular latitude.

Not exact matches

1) Sift the flour into a mixing bowl 2) Add the salt to the flour, mixing together 3) Add the olive oil, mixing as you add to ensure the flour envelopes the oil 4) Add warm water bit by bit until dough reaches the right consistency 5) One the dough ready, roll it into a ball, and knead well on a cool, flat surface 6) Flatten the dough with a wooden rolling pin 7) Cut into 10 cm pieces and roll them long enough and evenly 8) Place the pin - shaped dough on a well - greased baking tray 9) Bake in oven at 175 deg cel (medium heat for gas ovens) for 20 -30 minutes or until the sticks are ready (test by breaking off a small piece to check that the inside is well cooked) 10) Allow to cool for 5 minutes before serving

1) Mix flour, butter and icing sugar in a bowl using two knives to cut the butter until the mixture resembles fine breadcrumbs 2) Add in the egg yolks and vanilla extracts and mix well, then add iced water until the dough starts to come together 3) Shape the dough into a ball on a cool, flat, floured surface 4) Flatten dough into a disc and then wrap in plastic wrap, and chill in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes 5) Meanwhile, peel, core and slice the apples into as thin slices as possible 6) Mix sugar and ground cinnamon powder with sliced apples and let it rest for a while 7) Pre-heat oven to 180 deg cel 8) Once dough has chilled, roll pastry dough on a sheet of parchment paper until it has expanded to the size of the tart mold (I used a rough mold the size of a large pizza) 9) Leaving at least an inch of dough free, arrange apple slices by overlapping them slightly in the shape of a circle, starting from the outermost part of the circle, until you reach the inside 10) Fold the edges of dough over the filling and then sprinkle the dough with a bit of sugar 11) Bake for about 40 - 45 minutes, or until the crust is golden brown and the apples are soft 12) Serve warm, with a side of whipped cream or ice cream (optional)

Keep yourself healthy by practicing good habits — and show your kids how to properly clean their hands by using warm soapy water, scrubbing hand surfaces and nails for 20 seconds, rinsing well and drying with a clean towel.

MAVEN arrived at Mars in Sept. 2014 on a mission to investigate a planetary mystery: Billions of years ago, Mars was blanketed by layer of air massive enough to warm the planet and allow liquid water to flow on its surface.

«Previously this monster, Atlantic warm water, was well covered from the surface» by the CHL, says Igor Polyakov, a physical oceanographer at the University of Alaska in Fairbanks, who led the study.

SEAS researchers suggest that early Mars may have been warmed intermittently by a powerful greenhouse effect, possibly explaining water on the planet's surface billions of years ago.

Driven by stronger winds resulting from climate change, ocean waters in the Southern Ocean are mixing more powerfully, so that relatively warm deep water rises to the surface and eats away at the underside of the ice.

Charlie's research told him that during El Niño weather cycles, the surface seawaters in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon, already heated to unusually high levels by greenhouse gas — induced warming, were being pulsed from a mass of ocean water known as the Western Pacific Warm Pool onto the reef's delicate living corals.

Most climatologists expect that on average the atmospheres water vapor content will increase in response to surface warming caused by the long - lived greenhouse gases, further accelerating the overall warming trend.

The opposite occurred in 1997 and 1998, when warm surface waters in the Pacific Ocean brought about by El Niño pushed rainfall systems north, leaving parts of the southern and eastern Amazon forest dry and prone to fires.

With an El Niño now under way — meaning warm surface waters in the Pacific are releasing heat into the atmosphere — and predicted to intensify, it looks as if the global average surface temperature could jump by around 0.1 °C in just one year.

Instead of dissipating into space, the infrared radiation that is absorbed by atmospheric water vapor or carbon dioxide produces heating, which in turn makes the earths surface warmer.

Due to the cooling dissolved material now partially precipitates as fine particles, which are carried by the warm water to the ocean's surface.

Besides being simply a search for signs of aliens, Breakthrough Listen's efforts could also narrow down the possibilities for «Oumuamua's composition by looking for signs of water vapor sublimating from any sun - warmed ice lurking beneath the object's red, desiccated surface.

Researchers identify such planets by first looking for those that are situated within the «habitable zone» around their parent stars, which is where temperatures are warm enough for water to pool on the surface.

A lot of evidence points towards Mars being warm and wet early in its history; features that look like rivers, lakes and outflows have been spotted both from orbit and by rovers on the surface, and a lot of the planet's minerals contain water.

«During Norwegian winters, sea surface water is colder than at depth, so by lifting warmer water to the surface using bubble curtains, we can prevent the fjords from icing up», he says.

SEAS research suggests that early Mars may have been warmed intermittently by a powerful greenhouse effect, possibly explaining the presence of water on the planet's surface.

However, the surface warming caused by human - produced increases in carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases leads to a large increase in water vapor, since a warmer atmosphere holds more moisture.

If the recent intensification of the cool spot were caused by a recent AMOC slowdown you would expect to see warming of intermediate waters under a cool fresh water surface layer.

The Center for Ocean Solutions writes: «Between 1951 and 1993 zooplankton biomass off Southern California decreased by 80 % as a result of warming surface waters.»

Climate conditions favor warm water growth — as measured by sea surface temperature (SST)-- later in the year, suggesting that normal climate conditions effectively nipped the nascent El Niño in the bud.

The penetration of LWIR into water is immaterial, as by warming the surface, one also warms whatever water the surface layer then mixes with.

The warming of the oceans by sunlight, makes the daytime surface waters more bouyant than the cooler waters below and this leads to stratification - a situation where the warmer water floats atop cooler waters underneath, and is less inclined to mix.

Warming was not uniform across the globe: sea surface temperatures increased by ~ 6 °C at high latitudes and ~ 4 °C at low latitudes, and deep - water temperatures increased by ~ 8 °C at high latitudes and ~ 6 °C at low latitudes.

As an alternative, advise customers to melt a hole daily by setting a heated pan of warm water on the surface.

The inversion itself is usually initiated by the cooling effect of the water on the surface layer of an otherwise warm air mass.

5 Earth's surface and deep ocean waters warmed by ∼ 5 ◦ C, of which part may have oc - curred prior to the CIE.. However, few records document continental climatic trendsand changes in seasonality have not been documented.

Geoengineering proposals fall into at least three broad categories: 1) managing atmospheric greenhouse gases (e.g., ocean fertilization and atmospheric carbon capture and sequestration), 2) cooling the Earth by reflecting sunlight (e.g., putting reflective particles into the atmosphere, putting mirrors in space to reflect the sun's energy, increasing surface reflectivity and altering the amount or characteristics of clouds), and 3) moderating specific impacts of global warming (e.g., efforts to limit sea level rise by increasing land storage of water, protecting ice sheets or artificially enhancing mountain glaciers).

------------ PS: The Global Coral Reef Alliance has documented dramatic declines in coral reefs caused by global warming of surface waters, using satellite data of of global coral reefs and sea surface temperatures.

It is enhanced too by the formation of deep water in the polar regions, but slowed by the warming of the surface ocean.

In the case of a failure of the surface to warm due to a La Nina - like process, the OLR reduction (and hence the energy gain) will be lessened by the reduction in water vapor and other feedback moieties, but it will still be greater than occurs with a warmed surface.

Unlikely: this idea was based on the hypothesis that the Atlantic thermohaline circulation, which carries warm surface water to northern Europe, could be halted by the influx of fresh water from melting Arctic ice.

I recall mention that Katrina was unusual because while crossing the Gulf «Ring Current» the deeper water pulled up by the hurricane was almost as warm as the sea surface, so the deeper water fed almost as much heat energy into the storm as the surface.

IF cool deep sea water were mixed relentlessly with surface water by some engineering method --(e.g. lots of wave operated pumps and 800m pipes) could that enouromous cool reservoir of water a) mitigate the thermal expansion of the oceans because of the differential in thermal expansion of cold and warm water, and b) cool the atmosphere enough to reduce the other wise expected effects of global warming?

So, if each underwater artic volcano emitted 1 km3 a week (a rather large average flow) and did it for a year (about 52 weeks) you would need about 620 very active and extremely powerful volcanoes in order to warm the artic ocean by just 1 C (and that ignores surface cooling, in / out water flows and time rates that would require even more volcanoes.)

It stands to reason that the oceans haven't been that warm in a while but since the average temperature of the whole mass of water is so dependent on circulation (it's only the surface temperature that's constrained by its interactions with the atmosphere and space), I suppose a plausible history of that particular value would be very hard to reconstruct.

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

The real problem here is that this AMO explanation was picked up and broadcast by the press in a very uncritical manner, usually in these terms: «Surface waters of the Atlantic ocean warm up then cool down in long, subtle cycles.

The ocean's surface begins to warm, but before it can heat up much, the surface water is mixed down and replaced by colder water from below.

These record temperatures have been assisted by a very strong El Niño event, which brought warm water to the ocean surface, temporarily warming global surface temperatures.

Surface temperature is an imperfect gauge of whether the earth has been warmed by an imbalance between incoming radiation from the sun, and outgoing radiation, because of the role of ocean currents in the distribution of heat between deeper and surface Surface temperature is an imperfect gauge of whether the earth has been warmed by an imbalance between incoming radiation from the sun, and outgoing radiation, because of the role of ocean currents in the distribution of heat between deeper and surface surface waters.

The relatively warm water flowing through the glacier also carries surface heat deep inside the ice sheet far faster than it would otherwise penetrate by simple conduction.

The Philippines is located in the western Pacific Ocean, surrounded by naturally warm waters that will likely get even warmer as average sea - surface temperatures continue to rise.