To avoid overlap with this optogenetic tool, they needed to create
a calcium sensor with the following characteristics:
Recent work here at the MRC Centre has shown that a member of the Neuronal
Calcium Sensor family of proteins,, provides a link between Ca2 + influx via NMDA receptors and clathrin - mediated internalisation of AMPA receptors (Palmer et al 2005).
Südhof then made use of the emerging power of mouse genetics to delineate the functional role of a number of these vesicle proteins including the role of synaptotagmin, which he demonstrated to be the critical
calcium sensor for rapid neurotransmitter release.
THE ROLE OF NEURONAL
CALCIUM SENSOR PROTEIN VILIP - 1 IN Aβ - INDUCED NEURONAL DEATH IN ALZHEIMER DISEASE.
These results bolstered the protein's candidacy as
the calcium sensor.
These results confirmed the notion that synaptotagmin functions as
the calcium sensor.
The size of the otoferlin molecule and its low solubility have made it difficult to study, including how otoferlin works differently than another neuronal
calcium sensor in the brain, synaptotagmin.
Nicholas Steinmetz and colleagues found that some mice expressing the genetically - encoded
calcium sensor GCaMP6 display brief bursts of electrical activity, commonly observed in epileptic patients and animal models.
Enamel defects can be caused by genetic mutations affecting either the STIM1
calcium sensor in the endoplasm reticulum or in the ORAI channel in the cell membrane.
He studied functional circuit processing throughout the visual system, including thalamus, primary visual cortex and extrastriate visual areas using in vivo two - photon imaging,
calcium sensors and viral tracers.
Not exact matches
In many cells, the protein STIM1 acts as a
sensor in the ER, ensuring the right balance of
calcium inside the ER and raising an alarm when
calcium levels are low.
This regulation is spectacularly apparent in the exquisite speed and precision of synaptic exocytosis, where synaptotagmin (the
calcium - ion
sensor for fusion) cooperates with complexin (the clamp activator) to control the precisely timed release of neurotransmitters that initiates synaptic transmission and underlies brain function.
In principle, the researchers could replace the molecular
sensor to measure biomarkers other than
calcium.
The work combines remote control of action potential firing and synaptic signaling combined with imaging of activity with genetically encoded
calcium and voltage
sensors and electrophysiology.
Many intracellular
sensors of events like
calcium release have been made using fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes.