Sentences with phrase «calculated by»

The key dependent variable in the study was the excess path length, which was calculated by subtracting the length of the ideal path from the length of the actual path to the store for each trial (Fig. 2A in the Supplementary Appendix).

Canopy cover estimates and state comparisons were calculated by analyzing aerial imagery from the 2012 National Agricultural Imagery Program.

This finding lies at the very uppermost range of temperature rise as calculated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

However, the direction of motion is not explicitly represented at the level of the photoreceptors but rather must be calculated by subsequent layers of nerve cells.

This light is measured, from which the strength of the electric field can be calculated by an appropriately calibrated device.

The Current Ratio is calculated by dividing current assets by current liabilities.

If a player's alignments were better than that calculated by MULTIZ, a state - of - the - art alignment program hosted by the University of California, Santa Cruz, their score was displayed in the game's hall of fame.

For their investigation, an improved indicator (ΩMg - x) that reflects the saturation state of seawater with respect to the Mg - content of specific organisms was calculated by the scientists.

Next, they looked for correlations between language loss and factors such as a country's gross domestic product and levels of globalization as calculated by an internationally recognized index.

These rates are calculated by the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, which collects survival data from state registries covering about 26 percent of the U.S. population.

[2] Years lived with disability (YLD) calculated by combining prevalence (proportion of the population with the disorder in any given year) and the general public's assessment of the severity of health loss (disability weight).

I had some advantages: First - principles electronic structure theory — in which the structure and properties of chemical compounds are calculated by solving the Schrödinger equation — had just matured enough to allow the study of materials that I thought might be good multiferroics candidates.

You are allowed to borrow $ 18,500 a year in subsidized and unsubsidized Stafford loans up to the cost of attendance calculated by your financial aid office.

But they need both figures to work out the «case - fatality ratio» — calculated by dividing the number of fatal cases by the total number of cases.

The NASA results, calculated by Goddard Institute for Space Studies are published monthly on the NASA / GISS website (GISTEMP).

The 0.06 ppb was calculated by determining the amount, based on the new animal data, that might cause no more than one cancer among every one million people exposed for a lifetime.

Awards were calculated by the golden ratio in order to increase their aesthetic appeal: $ 250 for first place, $ 154.51 for second and $ 95.49 for third.

The emergence dates calculated by the model matched the historical records, strongly suggesting that global warming has driven the changes in emergence timing.

The interference pattern depends on the paths the atoms take, so gravity's effect on how fast they fall can be calculated by analysing the pattern with an interferometer.

The figure is calculated by multiplying 2 by itself 77,232,917 times and then subtracting 1.

The new prime number, also known as M77232917, is calculated by multiplying together 77,232,917 twos, and then subtracting one.

The numbers are calculated by subtracting the number of dissatisfied Tory members from the number of satisfied members.

The rate is calculated by the House of Commons library and shows the number of claimants as a proportion of the estimated economically active population aged 16 to 64 resident in each constituency in 2008.

These notional figures are calculated using new estimated seat margins, calculated by both the AEC and the Parliamentary Library using polling data from the previous election.

Michael Borges, with the Association of School Business Officials, says the costs that face schools, are mainly related to pay roll and other personnel expenses They are rising much higher than the consumer price index or CPI, which is calculated by pricing a market basket of consumer goods.

The increase in projected levies — both the county averages and the district - by - district figures — was calculated by Newsday, based on numbers provided to the state by 123 of the Island's 124 school districts.

That figure was calculated by searching the Federal Election Commission's independent expenditure public disclosures, as well as from a source tracking media buys across the country.

One of the problems was that the district was billing based on non-resident tuition rates calculated by the state Education Department as opposed to the district's actual costs, which are generally higher than the state rates.

Directly comparable figures from those elections are hard to come by, but to give some sort of context the «national equivalent» votes calculated by Rallings and Thrashers at the two sets of elections were CON 34 %, LAB 33 %, LDEM 27 % in 2002 and CON 37 %, LAB 26 %, LDEM 27 % in 2004.

The following table shows the margin of victory for each district winner, which is calculated by examining the percentage difference between the top - two vote getters.

Note that these figures are NOT compable to the Equivalent National Vote shares that are calculated by the BBC, and later by Rallings & Thrasher, on local election night.

This will be a record of those visits (N.B. Target numbers are based on the figures of the notional majorities calculated by Profs Rallings and Thrasher at the University of Plymouth).

In fact, on a fiscal year basis, added school aid represents 90 percent of the net spending increase in the proposed State Operating Funds Budget (as calculated by the governor).

Success in meeting the goal is calculated by averaging the hours worked at the end of a project, so missing the goals in some months does not mean they can't or won't be met overall, Schuler said.

They argued behind closed doors Tuesday that Mangano deserved an «eleventh - hour warning» and one more week to figure out how to fill a $ 158 - million deficit - a number calculated by Moody's Investors Service last month when the ratings agency downgraded Nassau's credit from Aa3 to A1.

The increase is set automatically in line with the annual change in average weekly earnings across the public sector in October, calculated by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) at 1.8 %.

The state Consumer Price Index, calculated by the budget office, is forcast to rise 1.9 percent compared with a gain of 0.3 percent last year and 1.5 percent in 2014.

All swing calculations are based on the notional results of the 2005 election as if fought on the new boundaries (as calculated by Professors Rallings and Thrasher of the University of Plymouth).

Sources: Calculated by the author from data in Dieter Nohlen and Philip Stöver (eds.)

(NB Figures based on notional results calculated by Professors Rallings and Thrasher of the University of Plymouth and including some newly - created seats)

There are also a few who are fighting constituencies which are nominally held by another party on the existing boundaries, but which would have returned a Conservative in 2005 based on the new boundaries (as calculated by Professors Rallings and Thrasher of the University of Plymouth).

Those teachers and others also would receive new «transition scores» calculated by the state, based on information provided by local school districts.

That number was calculated by taking the mean between its lower and upper estimates of 28.3 million and 31.3 million respectively.

«My earned leave obligation payment was treated and calculated by appropriate staff in the same manner as all other management employees.

Schnirman says his more than $ 108,000 payout was calculated by Long Beach staff and based on a city lawyer's interpretation of the municipal code.

I therefore don't find the index, calculated by subtracting «dissatisfied» from «satisfied,» a very convincing metric, as it compares two quite different groups of people.

For public bodies included in the analysis, the NAO noted that the Cabinet Office used unpublished data and methodology that the NAO could not replicate (although the NAO said that the figures that it calculated by other means were roughly comparable).

This figure is calculated by the Electoral Commissioner a year after every election, taking into account the latest population statistics

Funnel plot of precision estimates [calculated by using the inverse of the SE of ln (odds ratio); ie, the higher the estimate, the more precise the study] from studies that explored the association between breastfeeding and Crohn disease against their odds ratio.

Pooled ORs for group 1, groups 1 and 2, and all studies were calculated by using the random - effects model whenever possible.