Sentences with phrase «called gene effect»

Not exact matches

In this paper, I tried to interpret evolution as a continually shifting balance, spatially and temporally, among what I called the pressures of mutation, selection, and migration on gene frequencies, in conjunction with the effects of random drift composed of random variations in these pressures and of local accidents of sampling.

A version of the gene called APOE3 has no effect on Alzheimer's risk, whereas the APOE2 version protects against the disease.

Scientists have shown over the last few years that in many of these cases the winning males are fitter because they carry genes that make them better adapted to the environment — the so called «good genes» effect.

They found that people with the gene variant had the highest risk of side effects when they were given a statin called simvastatin, but this risk was much lower when they took pravastatin.

The study was inspired in part by the complex effects of a new melanoma drug developed by the biotech companies Plexxikon and Roche that blocks a protein made by a mutated gene called BRAF.

In a report published in this week's issue of Nature, scientists argue that the FTO gene, discovered back in 2007 and the focus of hundreds of studies since then, exerts its effects through an entirely different gene called IRX3.

Now a study has found that the gene mutation's toxic effects require higher than normal levels of a protein called suPAR to trigger the onset and progression of the disease.

In this new study, researchers employed a cell - based reporter system to screen a collection of over 1000 gene - regulatory factors called microRNAs for the ability to influence this transition and identified some with particularly potent effects.

Using a technique called association genetics, they found that the gene with the biggest effect on increasing susceptibility to Septoria is very closely linked to one that increases yield and grain size.

However, the new, larger study found that the effect of viral replication capacity was very early after infection, and was independent of both initial viral load and whether individuals carried certain protective variants of immune genes called HLA that positively influence immune responses to HIV.

The study involved a technique called recombineering to manipulate DNA at the molecular level, so as to remove and then reinsert the gene in various doses to see the effects on behaviour and metabolism.

These regions can be clumped into larger areas of the genome called quantitative trait loci, which are known to contain genes that produce a specific physical effect, such as shaggy hair.

SUN's effect dwarfs that of another shape gene called OVATE — yet another Tanksley discovery — and both seem to have been nurtured in Europe in the last several hundred years to ease mechanical harvesting and processing.

Comparing DNA from 2066 people with Crohn's and 3633 people without it, the team identified two variants of the same gene, called LRRK2, with differing effects.

The study, published in Cell Reports, discovered that the action of a gene called FOXO is inhibited in flies given a high sugar diet in early life, causing long - term effects.

To facilitate removal of the therapeutic stem cells from the brain at the conclusion of therapy, the researchers created cells that, in addition to TRAIL, express a viral gene called HSV - TK, which renders them susceptible to the effects of the antiviral drug ganciclovir.

One of the gene's molecular targets, for example, is a microRNA (a small noncoding RNA molecule) called let7, which in turn regulates hundreds of other genes, so the effects of Lin28a can set off a complex array of regulatory interactions.

However, such CRISPR screens are sensitive to a phenomenon called the copy number effect, where genes that have been repeatedly duplicated within a cell (as commonly happens in cancer cells) can be flagged as essential regardless of whether they are or not.

These are called low penetrance genes.Although each gene has a very small effect on risk, when we have many of such genes then our cancer risk is considerably increased.

The effect of gene therapy equaled that of a drug called VTS - 270, which has been evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies at numerous academic labs.

Tinkering with gene switches can have a profound effect on how they behave, and labs around the world are now scanning the genome in hopes of identifying epigenetic modifications — sometimes called «marks» or «tags» — that could serve as biomarkers, helping to predict and identify a wide range of conditions.

«These activities are leaving what we call a molecular signature in our cells, which reverses the effect that stress or anxiety would have on the body by changing how our genes are expressed,» said study author Ivana Buric in a press release.

A procedure called real - time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR) was made use of to examine the genes that were responsible for these effects.

When a popular sire appears in so many pedigrees that it causes the gene pool of a breed to drift in the direction of that sire, the gene pool loses genetic diversity and the phenomena is called the «Founders Effect».

Every published report of a correlation between parental behavior and child outcome now contains a disclaimer admitting that the direction of effects is uncertain and that the correlation could be due in part to what I call a child - to - parent effect (Harris, 1998, p. 27), a type of evocative gene - environment correlation (Scarr & McCartney, 1983).