Sentences with phrase «called effector»

This response is called effector - triggered immunity, or ETI, and ultimately results in the plant killing off its own affected cells to prevent the bacteria from replicating and spreading.

In many cases the damage is caused by a particular group of immune cells called effector memory T - cells.

The researchers studied two types of cells called effector T cells, which activate the immune system to defend our body against different pathogens, and regulatory T cells, which help control the immune system and prevent it from attacking healthy parts of its environment.

Our research enhances the traditional understanding of the plant defense system and describes a new concept describing how plants protect themselves against the pathogens that grow in the space outside plant cells (the apoplast)-- a new concept called effector - triggered defense or ETD.»

The new concept is called effector - triggered defense or ETD.

In their earlier work, the Halle lab already proved that the bacteria introduce numerous harmful proteins, so - called effectors, into plant cells via a specialised secretion system which works like a molecular syringe.

They will also prepare a list of the genetic codes of the fungus — the so - called effectors — that are responsible for the ability of the fungus to adapt to new wheat varieties.

Not exact matches

Ultimately, this week's discourse will lead to a consensus statement providing some guidance on how to approach using this and older gene editing technologies such as zinc finger nucleases and enzymes called transcription activator - like effector nucleases, or TALENs.

These effector proteins and other small molecules in their spit cause the root cell to forego normal processes and create a huge feeding site called a syncytium.

The orbital remodeling in TED is likely induced by infiltrating T lymphocytes and mast cells, which activate orbital fibroblast effector cells to either proliferate and form scar - producing cells called myofibroblasts or turn into pro-inflammatory fat cells.

As the interleukin - 2 levels drop, effector cells can turn on a protein called Bcl - 6.

To date, researchers have focused on developing anti-CMV immunotherapy around the «fighter» cells — called CD8 T effector cells — that attack and kill virally - infected host cells.

This «friendly fire» goes unchecked due to the failing of another type of immune cell: called the T - reg, which controls T - effector cells, shutting them down when they are not needed.

His group showed that a small number of stem - cell like CD8 T cells - called «memory» cells - were enough to produce and repeatedly replenish all of the T - effector cells needed to fight the disease.

«The effectors are encoded in a largely independent manner within the neural population — a property we call functional segregation,» says Caltech graduate student and co-lead author Carey Zhang.

By testing various effector proteins, the researchers found that one called HopAD1 could trigger ETI.

A patent application has been filed and testing is underway on the protein — called HT - TALENs (short for HIV - targeted transcription activator - like effector nucleases)-- which uses a newly developed gene - editing technique to rid the body's cells of the immunodeficiency virus before it has a chance to multiply and possibly develop into AIDS.