The force of that blood flow helps keep the cells that line the blood vessels,
called endothelial cells, healthy; when blood flow is disrupted, such as during surgical procedures or a stroke, the vessels start to leak, which can cause a host of inflammatory responses that lead to cell damage and disease.
The researchers, working with cell cultures, first observed how individual tumour cells kill specific cells in the vascular wall,
called endothelial cells.
Using their nuclei to exert force, they insert themselves between — as well as into — the cells (
called endothelial cells) in the vessel walls.
Not exact matches
The blood - brain barrier is a layer of tightly packed
endothelial cells and connective
cells called astrocytes that strictly regulates the flow of chemicals in and out of the brain.
They first devised a nanoscale plastic scaffold and then seeded it with common muscle precursor
cells called myoblasts, along with
endothelial cells of the sort found on the inside of blood vessels.
A critical discovery in this research was finding that the novel progenitor has a receptor protein on its
cell surface
called KDR, or vascular
endothelial growth factor receptor 2, which until now, was thought to be restricted to
endothelial cells that form vessels, the progenitors for
endothelial cells and the progenitors blood
cells.
Current thinking regarding type III hypersensitivity is that immune
cells within tissues sense the presence of these immune complexes (ICs) through specific receptor molecules and release inflammatory factors
called cytokines that activate the
endothelial cells lining adjacent blood vessels to promote the recruitment of neutrophils.
To make their molecular delivery vehicles, the researchers combined the polymersomes with a protein
called LRP1, which is abundant in the
endothelial cells that make up the blood — brain barrier wall.
A team from Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in Long Island, N.Y., reports that it staved off full - blown metastasis in mice by preventing mini-tumors in the lungs from recruiting stem
cells called endothelial progenitors, which assemble into blood vessels to nourish the malignancy.
Using nanoparticles designed and screened for
endothelial delivery of short strands of RNA
called siRNA, the researchers were able to target RNAi to
endothelial cells, which form the linings of most organs.
Researchers from the UNC School of Medicine have discovered that
cells called fibroblasts, which normally give rise to scar tissue after a heart attack, can be turned into
endothelial cells, which generate blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients to the injured regions of the heart, thus greatly reducing the damage done following heart attack.
The scientists also found that
endothelial cells themselves give the signal for their own death: To do this, the vascular wall
cells have a receptor molecule
called Death Receptor 6 (DR6) on their surface.
«ECPR and a factor in the blood
called protein C act as a «brake» on blood coagulation and
endothelial cell inflammation and also enhance the viability and integrity of blood vessels, but when the malaria parasites use PfEMP1 to bind EPCR, they may interfere with the normal function of EPCR, and thus the binding can be the catalyst for the violent reaction,» he explains.
Now, a multidisciplinary research team led by David Eckmann, MD, PhD, Horatio C. Wood Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania and professor of Bioengineering in Penn's School of Engineering and Applied Science, has found that when delivered by a microscopic transporter
called a nanocarrier, steroids can access the hard - to - reach lung
endothelial cells that need it most and are successful at preventing inflammation in mice.
Malaria parasites grow in red blood
cells and stick to the
endothelial lining of blood vessels through a large family of parasite proteins
called PfEMP1.
These
cells were then grown in the laboratory under special conditions to select for stem - like
cells called endothelial progenitor
cells.
When a new vessel is needed, the
endothelial cells direct the process by allowing the recruitment of blood
cells required for neovascularization, commonly
called angiogenesis.
Researchers knew at the time that tumors can induce normal
endothelial cells to form new blood vessels, a process
called angiogenesis.
Other research has shown that oxygen - deprived
cells in the retina produce a type of protein
called vascular
endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which triggers the growth of new blood vessels in the retina.
Susan Amara, USA - «Regulation of transporter function and trafficking by amphetamines, Structure - function relationships in excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), Modulation of dopamine transporters (DAT) by GPCRs, Genetics and functional analyses of human trace amine receptors» Tom I. Bonner, USA (Past Core Member)- Genomics, G protein coupled receptors Michel Bouvier, Canada - Molecular Pharmacology of G protein - Coupled Receptors; Molecular mechanisms controlling the selectivity and efficacy of GPCR signalling Thomas Burris, USA - Nuclear Receptor Pharmacology and Drug Discovery William A. Catterall, USA (Past Core Member)- The Molecular Basis of Electrical Excitability Steven Charlton, UK - Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Discovery Moses Chao, USA - Mechanisms of Neurotophin Receptor Signaling Mark Coles, UK - Cellular differentiation, human embryonic stem
cells, stromal
cells, haematopoietic stem
cells, organogenesis, lymphoid microenvironments, develomental immunology Steven L. Colletti, USA Graham L Collingridge, UK Philippe Delerive, France - Metabolic Research (diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, cardio - vascular diseases, nuclear hormone receptor, GPCRs, kinases) Sir Colin T. Dollery, UK (Founder and Past Core Member) Richard M. Eglen, UK Stephen M. Foord, UK David Gloriam, Denmark - GPCRs, databases, computational drug design, orphan recetpors Gillian Gray, UK Debbie Hay, New Zealand - G protein - coupled receptors, peptide receptors, CGRP, Amylin, Adrenomedullin, Migraine, Diabetes / obesity Allyn C. Howlett, USA Franz Hofmann, Germany - Voltage dependent calcium channels and the positive inotropic effect of beta adrenergic stimulation; cardiovascular function of cGMP protein kinase Yu Huang, Hong Kong -
Endothelial and Metabolic Dysfunction, and Novel Biomarkers in Diabetes, Hypertension, Dyslipidemia and Estrogen Deficiency, Endothelium - derived Contracting Factors in the Regulation of Vascular Tone, Adipose Tissue Regulation of Vascular Function in Obesity, Diabetes and Hypertension, Pharmacological Characterization of New Anti-diabetic and Anti-hypertensive Drugs, Hypotensive and antioxidant Actions of Biologically Active Components of Traditional Chinese Herbs and Natural Plants including Polypehnols and Ginsenosides Adriaan P. IJzerman, The Netherlands - G protein - coupled receptors; allosteric modulation; binding kinetics Michael F Jarvis, USA - Purines and Purinergic Receptors and Voltage-gated ion channel (sodium and calcium) pharmacology Pain mechanisms Research Reproducibility Bong - Kiun Kaang, Korea - G protein - coupled receptors; Glutamate receptors; Neuropsychiatric disorders Eamonn Kelly, Prof, UK - Molecular Pharmacology of G protein - coupled receptors, in particular opioid receptors, regulation of GPCRs by kinasis and arrestins Terry Kenakin, USA - Drug receptor pharmacodynamics, receptor theory Janos Kiss, Hungary - Neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer's disease Stefan Knapp, Germany - Rational design of highly selective inhibitors (so
call chemical probes) targeting protein kinases as well as protein interaction inhibitors of the bromodomain family Andrew Knight, UK Chris Langmead, Australia - Drug discovery, GPCRs, neuroscience and analytical pharmacology Vincent Laudet, France (Past Core Member)- Evolution of the Nuclear Receptor / Ligand couple Margaret R. MacLean, UK - Serotonin, endothelin, estrogen, microRNAs and pulmonary hyperten Neil Marrion, UK - Calcium - activated potassium channels, neuronal excitability Fiona Marshall, UK - GPCR molecular pharmacology, structure and drug discovery Alistair Mathie, UK - Ion channel structure, function and regulation, pain and the nervous system Ian McGrath, UK - Adrenoceptors; autonomic transmission; vascular pharmacology Graeme Milligan, UK - Structure, function and regulation of G protein - coupled receptors Richard Neubig, USA (Past Core Member)- G protein signaling; academic drug discovery Stefan Offermanns, Germany - G protein - coupled receptors, vascular / metabolic signaling Richard Olsen, USA - Structure and function of GABA - A receptors; mode of action of GABAergic drugs including general anesthetics and ethanol Jean - Philippe Pin, France (Past Core Member)- GPCR - mGLuR - GABAB - structure function relationship - pharmacology - biophysics Helgi Schiöth, Sweden David Searls, USA - Bioinformatics Graeme Semple, USA - GPCR Medicinal Chemistry Patrick M. Sexton, Australia - G protein - coupled receptors Roland Staal, USA - Microglia and neuroinflammation in neuropathic pain and neurological disorders Bart Staels, France - Nuclear receptor signaling in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases Katerina Tiligada, Greece - Immunopharmacology, histamine, histamine receptors, hypersensitivity, drug allergy, inflammation Georg Terstappen, Germany - Drug discovery for neurodegenerative diseases with a focus on AD Mary Vore, USA - Activity and regulation of expression and function of the ATP - binding cassette (ABC) transporters
Reishi mushroom contains special polysaccharides
called beta - glucans said to fight cancer
cells by suppressing
endothelial growth factor, support the immune system, and enhance cytotoxic receptors (NKG2D / NCR) killer
cells.
It is an incurable tumor of
cells that line blood vessels,
called vascular
endothelial cells.