Sentences with phrase «called free electron»

China is joining the elite club of countries that have equipped researchers with the potent sources of high - energy photons called free electron lasers (FELs).

Not exact matches

Electrons thus accelerated could be wiggled by magnets to create a so - called free - electron laser (FEL), which generates exceptionally bright and brief flashes of x-rays that can illuminate short - lived chemical and biological phenomena.

There are basically two types of lines, those produced by collisions between the atoms or ions and the electrons in the surrounding gas, which are called collision lines, and which are very bright for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen and neon, and lines which are produced when ions capture free electrons, which are called recombination lines, and which are bright only for those gases with the highest abundances in the interstellar medium: hydrogen and helium.

Observing this ultra-fast dynamic process is highly significant to the analysis of complex molecules in so - called X-ray free - electron lasers (XFEL) such as the LCLS in California and the European XFEL, which is now going into service on the outskirts of Hamburg.

Molecules called free radicals have a leftover unpaired electron, an arrangement that makes them highly reactive, eager to pair that remaining electron.

An electron - rich group called a redox reporter sits at the free end of each strand.

The range of the measurement depth can be determined by measuring a physical quantity called the inelastic mean free path (IMFP), which defines how far an electron can travel in a material while retaining its original energy level in a statistical sense.

When excitons and a large number of free electrons are simultaneously present however, the description of the qualitatively new — or «emergent» — properties of the material requires the introduction of new type of quasiparticles called Fermi polarons.

Disappearing stripes linked with free electron movement: Scientists used a precision microscope to simultaneously explore electrons» arrangements and movements as charge carriers called holes were added to transform a copper - oxide material from an insulator to a superconductor.

When light shines on a semiconducting material such as TiO2, it generates either free negative (electrons) and positive (holes) charges or a bound neutral electron - hole pair, called an exciton.

Scientists hope that free - electron lasers will become the next - generation x-ray source for a range of research problemsfrom probing the structure of single proteins to studying so - called warm, dense matter.

To break this limit in crystal size, an extremely bright X-ray beam was needed, which was obtained using a so - called free - electron laser (FEL), in which a beam of high - speed electrons is guided through a magnetic undulator causing them to emit laser - like X-ray pulses.

In particular, a charged molecule called hydronium, which has three hydrogen atoms and one oxygen ion, can transform into water (plus an independent hydrogen atom) if it captures a free - floating electron.

Jacques - Philippe Colletier and colleagues used a recently developed technique called serial - femtosecond crystallography at an X-ray free - electron laser source (a powerful laser source) to solve the structure of BinAB.

CALIPSOplus is an Integrating Activity for Advanced Communities in reply to the call INFRAIA -01-2016 (Material Sciences and Analytical facilities / Synchrotron radiation sources and Free Electron Lasers) in Horizon2020 the European Framework Program for Research and Innovation.

A free electron can interact with a photon in a process called Thomson scattering: the electron is accelerated and the incident light is polarised along the direction of motion of the electron.

But oxidants carry around an unpaired, or «free» electron and because of this electron, they have a negative charge and are sometimes also called «free radicals.»

Antioxidants are beneficial for health because they neutralize disease - causing misfits called free - radicals in our bodies, which are essentially unstable molecules missing an electron who will stop at nothing to find one, even if it means stealing it from healthy cells and thereby causing chain reactions of illness and aging.

We use a testing technique called electron spin resonance (ESR) that uses a combination of a magnetic field and electronmagnetic waves to directly detect the unpaired electrons of free radicals.

In a process called oxidation, free radicals steal electrons from other molecules — fats, proteins, cell membranes, and even DNA — altering the fundamental structure of the affected molecule.

It's called cathodic protection, and works by providing free electrons in the form of an electric current.

Some of these waste products, called free radicals, carry a very high charge — they like to steal electrons from other particles.