These techniques use enzymes
called nucleases to snip DNA at specific points and then delete or rewrite the genetic information at those locations.
Shown to work just 3 years ago, CRISPR consists of a an enzyme
called a nuclease and a piece of RNA that homes in on a targeted DNA sequence, enabling the enzyme to introduce precisely targeted mutations, corrections to mutations, or other alterations.
Thus far, the connection between the gene, which produces a DNA - cutting enzyme
called a nuclease, and the kidney disease has remained obscure.
It's a type of protein
called a nuclease.
We call these nucleases «Cas».
Not exact matches
Talk of curing AIDS made front - page news last year, in part due to an astonishing new gene - editing technology: lab - engineered proteins
called zinc finger
nucleases.
Ultimately, this week's discourse will lead to a consensus statement providing some guidance on how to approach using this and older gene editing technologies such as zinc finger
nucleases and enzymes
called transcription activator - like effector
nucleases, or TALENs.
Its competitors — designer proteins
called zinc finger
nucleases and TALENs — also precisely alter chosen DNA sequences, and several companies are already exploiting them for therapeutic purposes in clinical trials.
They have used a different technique,
called zinc finger
nucleases, to disrupt a gene on T cells that HIV uses to enter the cells.
In clinical trials already underway, for example, researchers have used an older gene - editing technique, enzymes
call zinc finger
nucleases, in immune cells to deactivate the gene for CCR5, a surface protein that HIV latches onto in order to infect cells.
In 2009, researchers at Dow AgroSciences in Indianapolis, Indiana, and Sangamo BioSciences in Richmond, California, announced that they had used enzymes
called zinc - finger
nucleases to insert a gene for herbicide resistance at a specific site in the maize genome (V. K. Shukla et al..
A team of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) researchers has found a way to expand the use and precision of the powerful gene - editing tools
called CRISPR - Cas9 RNA - guided
nucleases.
Last year, researchers targeted and destroyed this gene in the T - cells of 12 people with HIV using custom - made proteins
called zinc finger
nucleases.
The trial is using a form of DNA scissors
called zinc finger
nucleases (ZFNs).
Working with proteins
called zinc finger
nucleases and TALENs, Zhang attempted to edit the genomes of mammalian cells with a view to engineering them.
A patent application has been filed and testing is underway on the protein —
called HT - TALENs (short for HIV - targeted transcription activator - like effector
nucleases)-- which uses a newly developed gene - editing technique to rid the body's cells of the immunodeficiency virus before it has a chance to multiply and possibly develop into AIDS.