But those headlines and stories frequently left out a crucial detail: The researchers most definitely needed egg cells — also
called oocytes — to make the mouse pups they described.
First, the female must be old enough to have mature eggs,
called oocytes.
To create an egg, a progenitor cell
called an oocyte divides into two daughter cells: a hulking egg cell and a wimpy polar body.
Not exact matches
Condic and her colleagues propose a procedure,
called «
oocyte - assisted reprogramming» (OAR), which they claim will produce a pluripotent cell without first producing a totipotent zygote, the single - cell embryo.
This process,
called apoptosis, is triggered in
oocytes by the protein p63.
To create cloned mice, the team inserted nuclei from so -
called cumulus cells, which surround the ovary, into egg cells, or
oocytes, without nuclei.
In January 2013, the American Society for Reproductive Medicine declared the technique of
oocyte cryopreservation (egg freezing) no longer experimental, although it
called for «more widespread clinic - specific data on the safety and efficacy of
oocyte cryopreservation... before universal donor
oocyte banking can be recommended.»
Beginning with mouse egg cells, Daley and his team tricked these egg cells, or
oocytes, into thinking they had been fertilized (a process
called parthenogenesis) and managed to isolate embryonic stem cells from the subsequent early mouse embryos.
The researchers say that the genes ASF1A and OCT4 work in tandem with a ligand, a hormone - like substance that also is produced in the
oocyte called GDF9, to facilitate the reprogramming process.
Co-author Jean Cozzi of genOway, a biotech company in Lyon, France, noticed that other researchers had used a chemical
called MG132 to halt one of the early stages in rat
oocyte development.
In a test of TRICK, the collaborators in Germany studied when and where mRNAs for a gene
called oskar are expressed in Drosophila eggs, or
oocytes.
While many important developments impacted the field, two that garnered significant public, political and scientific attention in 2016 were the proliferation of clinics using unproven stem cell «therapies,» and the steps forward in therapeutic modification of human
oocytes (unfertilized eggs) through a process
called mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT).