Sentences with phrase «cancer suppressor gene»

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) up - regulates the estrogen - regulated cancer suppressor gene, protein tyrosine phosphatase gamma (PTPgama), in human breast cells.

Not exact matches

However, the impact of the two methylation - regulating enzymes was still seen at 10 to 15 months, when scientists found decreased expression of hundreds of genes — many of which are key tumor suppressor genes such as BMP3, SFRP2 and GATA4 — in the smoke - exposed cells and a five - or - more-fold increase in the signaling of the KRAS oncogene that is known to be mutated in smoking - related lung cancers.

PTEN is known as a tumour suppressor gene meaning that it typically slows the growth of cells and its loss can lead to cancer.

«Over 40 % of prostate cancers lose PTEN and some lose both PTEN and another tumour suppressor gene, INPP4B, but we didn't previously have a clear picture of how this affects tumour growth,» says IMED Biotech Unit scientist Sabina Cosulich, at AstraZeneca.

Collateral lethality occurs when tumor suppressor genes are deleted, a nearly universal occurrence in cancer.

Working with colleagues at St. Vincent's Hospital in Sydney, Martin identified two individuals who had the characteristics of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer, which is usually caused by a mutation that inactivates one of a person's two copies of the tumor suppressor gene MLH1, but who showed no signs of mutation.

Inherited mutations of the tumour suppressor gene CDKN2A are the strongest known risk factors for familial melanoma and mutations in this gene also increase the risk of other cancers.

Now, researchers studying mice have found one of the most powerful tumor suppressor genes yet — animals lacking it have a startling 50 % chance of developing cancer.

Now, in a provocative study that raises unsettling questions about the widespread use of vitamin supplements, Swedish researchers have showed that relatively low doses of antioxidants spur the growth of early lung tumors in cancer - prone mice, perhaps by hindering a well - known tumor suppressor gene.

The findings provide proof of principle that restoring the function of a single tumor suppressor gene can cause tumor regression and suggest future avenues for developing effective cancer treatments.

Spalax naturally have a variant in the p53 gene (a transcription factor and known tumor suppressor), which is identical to a cancer - related mutation in humans, Band said.

«Our data strongly suggest that KIF1Bβ, which is localized on chromosome 1p36, might be such a neuroblastoma tumor suppressor gene,» says principal investigator Susanne Schlisio at the Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology at Karolinska Institutet and Assistant Member at the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research in Stockholm, Sweden.

If tumors have this PPM1D mutation, they do not have another more common genetic mutation to the TP53 gene, a tumor suppressor that, when defective, is linked to half of all cancers.

In this research, the group looked at two variants of miR - 21, a microRNA «oncomiR» known to target tumor suppressor genes and which is highly expressed in a number of cancers as well as other proliferative diseases such as psoriasis.

Rather than target a tumor - suppressor gene directly, Ideker and team took the approach of identifying genetic interactions between a tumor suppressor gene and another gene, such that simultaneous disruption of both genes selectively kills cancer cells.

«It wasn't known whether miR - 486 functioned as an oncogene or a tumor - suppressor gene in lung cancer,» says co-corresponding author Patrick Nana - Sinkam, MD, associate professor of medicine and a researcher with the OSUCCC — James Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics Prcancer,» says co-corresponding author Patrick Nana - Sinkam, MD, associate professor of medicine and a researcher with the OSUCCC — James Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics PrCancer Genetics Program.

Normal BRCA genes encode proteins that are cancer suppressors.

BRCA1 and 2, genes whose proteins are supposed to work as tumor suppressors and also repair DNA damage, were the first known risk factor genes for familial breast cancer as well as ovarian and other cancers.

A study published in Molecular Cancer Research reveals that a tumor suppressor gene p16 is turned off by a histone mutation (H3.3 K27M), which is found in up to 70 percent of childhood brain tumors called diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG).

The researchers further found that miR - 486 is itself regulated by the tumor - suppressor gene p53, the most frequently altered gene in human cancers, and that activity of miR - 486 is partially dependent upon functional p53.

They tested these drugs one at a time for lethal interaction with 112 different tumor - suppressor gene mutations in human cancer cells growing in the lab.

Among them: some genes believed to be tumor suppressors turned on or became more active, whereas certain disease - promoting ones, including oncogenes (in the so - called RAS family that are implicated in both prostate and breast cancer), were down - regulated or switched off.

All the fish had the human cancer mutation BRAFV600E — found in most benign moles — and had also lost the tumor suppressor gene p53.

The drug, lapatinib, activates the suppressor called FOXO, in HER2 + breast cancer cells, but then FOXO becomes a turncoat molecule, working with an epigenetic regulator that controls gene expression.

«Identifying targets essential to cell survival in tumor suppressor genes has long been an investigational goal with the aim of offering cancer - specific vulnerabilities for targeted therapy,» said Ronald DePinho, M.D., professor of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson president, and senior author for the Nature cancer - specific vulnerabilities for targeted therapy,» said Ronald DePinho, M.D., professor of Cancer Biology, MD Anderson president, and senior author for the Nature Cancer Biology, MD Anderson president, and senior author for the Nature paper.

By searching for gene deletion patterns in cancer through a concept the investigators call «synthetic essentiality,» the team identified a synthetic essential gene known as chromatin helicase DNA - binding factor (CHD1) as a therapeutic target for prostate and breast cancers lacking a tumor suppressor gene called phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN).

«We reasoned that this retained synthetic essential gene might be required for cancer - promoting actions when the cancers lose specific tumor suppressor genes.»

They propose that normal tissue becomes primed for cancer when oncogenes are activated and tumor suppressor genes are silenced or lost, but that cancer develops only when a cell in the tissue reverts to a more primitive, embryonic state and starts dividing.

A new method has been found for identifying therapeutic targets in cancers lacking specific key tumor suppressor genes.

The loss of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN has been linked to tumor growth and chemotherapy resistance in the almost invariably lethal brain cancer glioblastoma multiforme (GBM).

Tumor suppressor genes are deleted in many cancers leading to tumor formation and growth.

P53 is a tumor suppressor gene, a protein that regulates cell growth, and it is the most frequently mutated suppressor gene in cancer.

A significant finding by the team was that either the mutant KRAS gene or another cancer gene is amplified, depending on which tumor suppressor gene is affected and to what degree its function is impaired.

Another key finding was observing the inhibitor effect on tumor models with a gene PTEN deficiency as a biomarker — of huge interest because PTEN, a tumor suppressor, is known to be defective in as many as half of all advanced solid tumor cancers.

This phenomenon could result in breakage in the human genome, and when a breakage impacts important genes, such as tumor suppressors, it could lead to cancer development.

These complexes lead to mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene, which in turn initiate the process toward kidney cancer.

2003 Chinese company Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech gains approval for treating head and neck cancer with Gendicine, a modified adenovirus carrying a tumour - suppressor gene.

Or stem cells injected into a patient as therapy might be designed so that their tumor suppressor genes are less likely to mutate and cause cancer.

They observed that selected genes including some oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are similarly altered in these two types of cancers.

They discovered that the number of tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes in a chromosome correlated with how often the whole chromosome or part of the chromosome was deleted or duplicated in cancers.

Since 1971, the standard tumor suppressor model has held that cancer is caused by a «two - hit» cascade in which first one copy and then the second copy of a gene becomes mutated.

They generated a list of suspected oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes based on their mutation patterns — and found many more potential cancer drivers than anticipated.

Poor repair of these «double - strand breaks» can activate cancer - causing genes or inactivate tumor - suppressor genes.

In humans, cancer develops when genes that suppress cancer, known as tumor suppressors, are lost and when mutations or genes that promote cancer, known as oncogenes, are gained or activated.

When normal diploid cells lose one or both copies of tumor suppressor genes, cancers can form.

Polyploid cells, which carry additional copies of important tumor suppressor genes, are better protected and more resistant to cancer formation because they have these extra copies of the genome,» said Dr. Zhu, who is also an Assistant Professor of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine at UT Southwestern.

Analysis of genomic, epigenetic, and RNA sequencing data revealed that the combinations of mutations that lowered the levels of functioning BRCA1 and BRCA2 RNA — genes that produce the breast cancer tumor suppressor proteins — were associated with significantly better survival outcomes.

But the idea fell out of fashion as researchers began to discover that mutations in specific oncogenes and tumor - suppressor genes could set cancer in motion.

The tumor suppressor gene PTEN is known to play a major role in prostate cancer; its partial loss occurs in up to 70 percent of primary prostate tumors.

«Inactive tumor suppressor gene discovered in lung cancer.»