That includes tracking the myriad flu strains circulating globally each year in animals and using the data to help develop
candidate vaccine viruses.
Such GOF studies are «crucial» for the selection of each year's
candidate vaccine viruses because they help WHO identify the riskiest strains in the wild, Schultz - Cherry said.
In case it takes a different course, the CDC asked the laboratory that makes
candidate vaccine viruses to make one for the swine H3N2.
Not exact matches
And by winter several more
vaccine candidates that employ various forms of the
virus are slated for human testing, supported by funds from the NIH.
«It was not known whether any of these
vaccines could provide protection against the new outbreak West African Makona strain of Ebola Zaire currently circulating in Guinea,» said John Eldridge, Chief Scientific Officer - Vaccines at Profectus Biosciences, Inc. «Our findings show that our candidate vaccines provided complete, single dose protection from a lethal amount of the Makona strain of Ebola virus
vaccines could provide protection against the new outbreak West African Makona strain of Ebola Zaire currently circulating in Guinea,» said John Eldridge, Chief Scientific Officer -
Vaccines at Profectus Biosciences, Inc. «Our findings show that our candidate vaccines provided complete, single dose protection from a lethal amount of the Makona strain of Ebola virus
Vaccines at Profectus Biosciences, Inc. «Our findings show that our
candidate vaccines provided complete, single dose protection from a lethal amount of the Makona strain of Ebola virus
vaccines provided complete, single dose protection from a lethal amount of the Makona strain of Ebola
virus.»
«In addition, this platform can be used to develop safe
vaccine candidates for other flaviviruses such as Zika
virus, where pregnant women are the target group for vaccination.»
Attempts at using live dengue
viruses to develop a dengue fever
vaccine have often led to an imbalance in immunity to the four dengue serotypes — for instance, one recent
candidate had lower efficacy against serotype 2.
The ZPIV
vaccine candidate was developed by WRAIR as part of the US Department of Defense response to the 2015 - 2016 outbreak of Zika
virus in the Americas, and it was advanced to a Phase 1 trial in November 2016.
Researchers have developed a
candidate vaccine against Ebola, one of the world's deadliest
viruses.
Gary Nabel, a molecular virologist with the University of Michigan Medical Center in Ann Arbor, and Anthony Sanchez, a virologist at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, created their
candidate vaccine from snippets of the Ebola
virus's DNA.
Prompted by the recent Zika
virus outbreaks in Latin America and some parts of the United States, scientists around the world have been racing to develop
candidate vaccines.
Prompted by the recent Zika
virus outbreaks in Latin America and some parts of the United States, scientists around the world have been racing to develop
candidate vaccines, and already several have been tested in animals.
«We observed rapid and durable protective immunity without adverse events, and so we think this
candidate vaccine represents a promising strategy for the global fight against Zika
virus,» said senior author Drew Weissman, MD, PhD, a professor of Infectious Disease at Penn. «We hope to start clinical trials in 12 to 18 months.»
Some newer
vaccine candidates use harmless
viruses such as modified adenoviruses to deliver genes that encode immunizing viral proteins.
The new
candidate vaccine contains mRNAs encoding two key proteins from a Zika
virus strain isolated in a 2013 outbreak.
The new
candidate vaccine is the first to show such potent and long - lasting protection without the use of a live
virus.
A single immunization with the
vaccine candidate produced strong immune responses and prevented the
virus from infecting mice at all.
Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health researchers say a new
candidate vaccine against respiratory syncytial
virus (RSV) made with a weakened version of the
virus shows great promise at fighting the disease, the leading cause of hospitalization for children under the age of one in the U.S.
«This research team's dedication and previous research on dengue and other arboviruses enabled them to quickly develop this model for Zika
virus, an important first step to enable testing of
candidate vaccine and therapeutics,» said Stephen Higgs, PhD, the president of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
The reliably high percentage of those who develop viremia following exposure to this challenge
virus is another advantage — when most or all volunteers develop viremia or other signs of infection, clinical trials can enroll relatively small numbers of people but still achieve answers to such questions as whether a
candidate vaccine protects against infection, she noted.
The
candidate vaccine is made from a mixture of four live, weakened (attenuated)
viruses targeted to each of the four serotypes.
In the preclinical study, WRAIR and the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center tested two Zika
virus vaccine candidates: a DNA
vaccine developed at Harvard based on a Zika
virus strain isolated in Brazil, and a purified inactivated
virus vaccine developed at WRAIR based on a Zika
virus strain isolated in Puerto Rico.
«We can identify the mutations that will occur in nature and make those
viruses available at the time of
vaccine (
virus)
candidate selection.»
Unlike other
candidates, a new potential Zika
vaccine is so effective that one shot gives enough protection — a key advance, given the
virus is here to stay
In a previously published paper, Barouch and colleagues, including Colonel Nelson L. Michael, MD, PhD, director of the Military HIV Research Program at the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) and Stephen Thomas, MD, Upstate Medical University, State University of New York, demonstrated that three different
vaccine candidates provided robust protection against Zika
virus in both mice and rhesus monkeys.
In clinical trials, several
candidate H7N9 pandemic influenza
vaccines made from inactivated
viruses have been shown to be safe and to generate an immune response.
The
vaccine candidates rapidly induced antibodies that, in cell culture, neutralised the
virus.
DEFENSE
Vaccine candidates developed from DNA and proteins of the MERS
virus (above, yellow) produced protective immune proteins and reduced lung damage in monkeys six days after infection.
For influenza we offer the ferret model, the «gold standard» for infections with human influenza
viruses, which will be used to assess the efficacy of
vaccine candidates.
TNA8: BPRC will provide access to macaques for immunogenicity / adjuvanticity evaluation of
vaccine candidates for malaria, tuberculosis, HIV, influenza, West Nile
virus or dengue
virus, with up to three (prime - boost) immunisation events.
Vaccine candidates for preventing SARS have been developed by various groups and include inactivated whole
virus, spike (S) protein preparations,
virus - like particles (VLPs), plasmid DNA and a number of vectors containing genes for SARS - CoV proteins [13]--[28].
So far, in the 30 years since the AIDS
virus was identified, only one
vaccine candidate has shown any protection at all, reducing the risk of contracting HIV by 31 percent.
Four
candidate vaccines for humans with or without alum adjuvant were evaluated in a mouse model of SARS, a VLP
vaccine, the
vaccine given to ferrets and NHP, another whole
virus vaccine and an rDNA - produced S protein.
His lab has extensive experience evaluating and modulating T cell responses to tumors and
viruses, including introducing genes into T cells to impart specificity and modulate function, designing strategies to overcome tolerance and enhance in vivo activity, and developing mouse models that more accurately model human immune responses to
candidate vaccines.
They selected the combinations of backbone mutations that supported better growth in cell culture, identifying two
candidate backbones that led to higher amounts of
vaccine virus.
Last year, his research team created a high - yield influenza A
vaccine virus candidate for cell culture production.
2009 — Developed an MVA HIV
Vaccine Candidate — MHRP and NIAID researchers developed a new HIV vaccine, specific to the strain of HIV circulating in Southeast Asia that is expressed in a modified smallpox virus vector
Vaccine Candidate — MHRP and NIAID researchers developed a new HIV
vaccine, specific to the strain of HIV circulating in Southeast Asia that is expressed in a modified smallpox virus vector
vaccine, specific to the strain of HIV circulating in Southeast Asia that is expressed in a modified smallpox
virus vector (MVA).
Dr. Jay Nelson stated the first hurdle in testing possible
vaccine candidates is determining an appropriate animal model for the Zika
virus.
The Delta VP30 technology has been approved by the National Institutes of Health for use under Biosafety Level 2 conditions and has been utilized safely for a decade to study the basic biology of the
virus, identify potential antiviral compound
candidates, and make the whole -
virus vaccine.
Other Ebola
vaccine candidates use vector
viruses to ferry a single Ebola protein, a surface antigen, to prime the immune system.
Ironically, while pregnant women, elderly, small children and medical workers are thought to be high risk
candidates for contracting the
virus (and are therefore encouraged to get it), the research is still out on the safety of the
vaccine for these categories.
He has also generated attenuated
viruses as
vaccine candidates, for the treatment of influenza and arenavirus infections in humans and other mammalians.