In practice, Brazil has been successful with sugar
cane ethanol (but the Amazon rain forest has suffered as a result).
I should add that wind, geothermal power, concentrating solar thermal power,
cane ethanol, and biodiesel are the only safe, proven, minimally controversial, non toxic, cost competitive technologies available today that can be rolled out immediately and in sufficient quantity to meet global warming CO2 reduction requirements.
PS Sugar
cane ethanol yields per acre are around twice as high as those from corn (but sugar cane does not grow in most of the US).
Jose Goldemberg, former Minister of the Environment, Brazil, who was present at the beginning of the push for sugar
cane ethanol in that country.
But your comments are irrelevant to whether sugar
cane ethanol makes sense in itself Its the EROI value of 10 which saying that ethanol made sense in itself on energy terms.
Brazil owes its present - day sugar
cane ethanol industry to the decisions of a military government during the energy crunch of 1973.
Sugar
cane ethanol makes sense in Brazil mainly because they have a large, poor labor force to harvest the cane.
The Brazilian Sugarcane Industry Association (UNICA), the trade group for sugar -
cane ethanol from Brazil, criticized the IPCC for raising alarm on biofuels in the Working Group II report published on March 31.
That's a big reason Brazil developed its sugar -
cane ethanol industry.
Not exact matches
And Brazil, arguably the world leader in making
ethanol from crops, has been turning sugar
cane into fuel for nearly three decades — a process that is 30 % cheaper than corn - based production in the U.S.
Flavorganics recently switched to a
cane - based
ethanol.
Hypothetically, if all the main cereal and sugar crops (wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, sugar
cane, cassava and sugar beet), representing 42 % of global cropland, were to be converted to
ethanol, this would correspond to only 57 % of total petrol use in 2003, and leave no cereals or sugar for human consumption (although the reduced sugar in the human diet would have health benefits).
Commercial - scale efforts have existed for over a hundred years that convert corn, sugar
cane and other plant - based substances into a wide array of products, ranging from fuel such as corn - based
ethanol to ingredients in many consumer goods, such as soap and detergents.
(Brazil is a big producer of sugar, and the country's
ethanol is made from sugar
cane.)
The
ethanol produced from 1 -, 5 - and 10 percent oil
cane would add to the cost benefit.
Ethanol fuel is produced from sugar
cane in Brazil and from the cellulose of a wide variety of plants, including cornstalks, poplar trees, and switch grass, as well as waste left over from the forest products industry, wheat, oat, and barley straw.
A massive expansion of land use for sugar
cane growth in Brazil, and a subsequent increase in
ethanol production with the feedstock could reduce global carbon dioxide emissions in the transportation sector by up to 86 percent of 2014 levels, according to research published in the October issue of the journal Nature Climate Change.
Ingredients: Bilberry extract (25 % anthocyanosides), Noni, Milk Thistle, Echinacea (purpurea & angustifolia), Goldenseal, Shiitake, White Willow (bark), Garlic, Grapeseed extract (min 90 % polyphenols), Black Walnut (hull and leaf), Raspberry, Fumitory, Gentian, Tea Tree oil, Galbanum oil, Lavender oil (plant and flower), Oregano oil (plant and flower), < 5 % alcohol (potato and / or
cane source) * Other Ingredients: Water, Glycerin,
Ethanol, Vitamin E (as d - alpha tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate)
In keeping with the car's «green» mantra, the seats are comprised of a bio-fabric called Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) made from a sugar -
cane sourced
ethanol, which feels decent to the touch — if not a bit slippery.
The
cane is crushed and mashed to produce juice, which is then fermented and distilled, producing
ethanol.
I think it's very interesting that last November, Florida Governor Charles Crist — the governor of the state that produces more sugar
cane than any other, and about a fifth of all American sugar — visited Brazil and proposed ending America's tariff on sugar
ethanol from that country.
They have portrayed sugar
cane as the steamroller of agriculture, flattening forests and untold species of wildlife in its path, and decried
ethanol as a serious polluter crossdressing as green fuel.
The last drew a round of applause, and Mr. Clinton took the opportunity to endorse — perhaps controversially — the effort undertaken by President Bush and Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva last year: To heavily promote the production and use of
ethanol made from sugar
cane throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.
Re # 153, A recent report tells us that
Ethanol from corn / sugar
cane is good but not good enough, however
Ethanol from biomass is a very good idea and could provide > 20 % of the USA's liquid fuel.
Ethanol's EROI is around 5:1 with 7:1 available from sugar
cane.
Western Biomass Energy LLC, a subsidiary of Blue Sugars Corporation (previously KL Energy) reported the major milestone of claiming the first cellulosic
ethanol tax credits under the RFS2 for a 20,069 gallon batch of cellulosic
ethanol produced from bagasse (sugar
cane waste) in April 2012.
Similarly emissions factors would be developed for wood chips, cellulosic
ethanol, methanol, sugar
cane and biodiesel.
Other bioenergy fuels such as wood chips, cellulosic
ethanol, methanol, sugar
cane and biodiesel have their own distinct lifecycle fuel inputs and carbon emissions, raising the thorny issue of assessing and taxing their lifecycle carbon emissions.
This received a big boost in Brazil, when companies with
cane - based
ethanol distilleries realized that burning bagasse, the fibrous material left after the sugar syrup is extracted, could simultaneously produce heat for fermentation and generate electricity that they could sell to the local utility.
That will be handled like
cane juice to make more
ethanol, on top of the above estimates.
Corn to
ethanol yields per acre are around 40 % of sugar
cane to
ethanol yields, so I calculate that it would take 100 % of all the agricultural cropland of the USA to generate its current gasoline demand.
Industrial countries could produce enough sugar
cane / grain
ethanol and / or cellulosic
ethanol to replace the 75 + million barrels / day they consume without adversed effects on food production and / or major changes in land use.
The use of
ethanol produced from corn in the U.S. and sugar
cane in Brazil has given birth to the commercialization of an alternative fuel that is coming to show substantial promise, particularly as new feedstocks are developed.
Brazil has one of the largest renewable energy programs in the world, involving production of
ethanol fuel from sugar
cane, and
ethanol now provides 18 percent of the country's automotive fuel.
The sugarcane would then provide feedstock for an
ethanol plant, with leftover
cane used to create biomass electricity at night with a nearby solar concentrator complex generating power during the day.
But the models fail to account for dynamic reactions to a corn crop reduction (in this case a simple and very cost efficient response would be to end corn
ethanol subsidies, thus redirecting corn to food rather than fuel, ending an inefficient industry and encouraging
ethanol industries in tropical nations using sugar
cane, which makes a lot more sense than corn
ethanol).
The success of biofuels in Brazil is largely a result of the high productivity of sugar
cane and the suitability of the feedstock for efficient conversion to
ethanol.
Because sugar
cane to
ethanol is estimated to have a much higher energy return on energy invested than many oils to biodiesel, it is not apparent if people expect to make monetary returns similar to the industrial scale
ethanol industry.
The total water flow in a sugar -
cane -
ethanol distillery is approximately 22 m3 per tonne of sugar
cane processed, but new plants can be designed to withdraw only 1 m3 per tonne of
cane.
SunOpta's patented pretreatment and hydrolysis technology will prep and convert sugar
cane bagasse and possibly hard wood waste to
ethanol at a plant in Jennings, Louisiana.
In summary, there is sufficient land zoned for sugar
cane for Brazil to produce approximately 4 — 5 times as much
ethanol than is produced today (˜6.2 billion gallons in 2008).
Hawaii also has a thriving sugar
cane industry, which many people have eyed for the renewable production of
ethanol.
I have seen studies showing corn
ethanol from sugar
cane grown in tropical áreas (for example in Brazil) does have a positive emissions ratio.
In the United States, the sugar -
cane industry has had little incentive to diversify into
ethanol production because import quotas support U.S. sugar prices far above world levels.
But dropping the subsidy makes Brazil's
cane sugar
ethanol more viable on the market — and that is a more environmentally sound fuel.
Biofuels» Emissions Benefits Often Overstated Citing the study, Reuters reports that, «The OECD said that if Brazil's
ethanol produced from sugar
cane cuts greenhouse gas emissions by around 80 %, biofuels from other feedstocks in the United States, the EU or Canada tend to have a far lower environmental benefit.
Plantations in Brazil, the world's biggest producer of
ethanol from sugar
cane, haven't encroached on land used for food cultivation or on the Amazon rainforest, he asserted.
For
ethanol from sugar
cane produced in Brazil, the net energy gain is about 8 or 9 to 1.
Though it's only occasionally on the public biofuel radar in the United States, what with corn
ethanol and Brazilian sugar
cane hogging the headlines, in the subtropical and tropical regions where the plant thrives, Jatropha has received much more attention.
Sugar
cane is inherently more viable for
ethanol production than is, say, corn.