Sentences with phrase «capacity of surface waters»

Lower calcification rates would reduce the alkalinity pump, reduce surface CO2 and increase the buffering capacity of surface waters.

Cooling temperatures would still cause atmospheric CO2 to decline over time, since the capacity of surface water to «hold» CO2 is an inverse function of temperature.

Not exact matches

The loss of fertile top soil by erosion results in a lower yield capacity on the onehand and in a undesired transfer of nutrients, pesticides and sediments in surface water on the other.

But then the effective heat capacity, the surface temperature, depends on the rate of mixing of the ocean water and I have presented evidence from a number of different ways that models tend to be too diffusive because of numerical reasons and coarse resolution and wave parameter rise, motions in the ocean.

The surface heat capacity C (j = 0) was set to the equivalent of a global layer of water 50 m deep (which would be a layer ~ 70 m thick over the oceans) plus 70 % of the atmosphere, the latent heat of vaporization corresponding to a 20 % increase in water vapor per 3 K warming (linearized for current conditions), and a little land surface; expressed as W * yr per m ^ 2 * K (a convenient unit), I got about 7.093.

Corresponding time for surface + tropospheric equilibration: given 3 K warming (including feedbacks) per ~ 3.7 W / m2 forcing (this includes the effects of feedbacks): 10 years per heat capacity of ~ 130 m layer of ocean (~ heat capacity of 92 or 93 m of liquid water spread over the whole globe)

Re 9 wili — I know of a paper suggesting, as I recall, that enhanced «backradiation» (downward radiation reaching the surface emitted by the air / clouds) contributed more to Arctic amplification specifically in the cold part of the year (just to be clear, backradiation should generally increase with any warming (aside from greenhouse feedbacks) and more so with a warming due to an increase in the greenhouse effect (including feedbacks like water vapor and, if positive, clouds, though regional changes in water vapor and clouds can go against the global trend); otherwise it was always my understanding that the albedo feedback was key (while sea ice decreases so far have been more a summer phenomenon (when it would be warmer to begin with), the heat capacity of the sea prevents much temperature response, but there is a greater build up of heat from the albedo feedback, and this is released in the cold part of the year when ice forms later or would have formed or would have been thicker; the seasonal effect of reduced winter snow cover decreasing at those latitudes which still recieve sunlight in the winter would not be so delayed).

Model simulations for the North Atlantic Ocean and thermodynamic principles reveal that this feedback should be stronger, at present, in colder midlatitude and subpolar waters because of the lower present - day buffer capacity and elevated DIC levels driven either by northward advected surface water and / or excess local air - sea CO2 uptake.

This makes sense since warming the surfaces of the world's oceans would tend to decrease their CO2 - carrying - capacity, and this would be a slow process due to the buffering effects of the specific heat capacity of these large bodies of water.

More than 109 cubic km (26 cubic miles) of groundwater disappeared between 2002 and 2008 — double the capacity of India's largest surface water reservoir, the Upper Wainganga, and triple that of Lake Mead, the largest man - made reservoir in the United States...

That has the amount of land and water per 5 degree latitude band with a rough estimate of the surface ocean heat capacity.

A mere 16,400 hectares of land will be irrigated, while water storage capacity will increase from 3 to 24 % of the annual surface water availability.

The main difference between H2O and CO2 (apart from the numerical differences of their specific physical properites such as degree of freedom, thermal capacity, physical mass, etc) in terms of their effects on the atmosphere is that water is capable of condensing into liquid to form clouds and readily and rapidly moves between surface and atmosphere, daily, seasonally, annually and on even greater time scales, but CO2 does not liquify in the biosphere and transfers over mostly long time periods between surface (primarily oceans, seas, etc) and the atmosphere.

As carbon dioxide is acidic, the surface waters of the oceans could become more acidic than ever before in five million years, reducing the capacity of shell - forming species to form shells and affecting the marine food chain.

In contrast, the oceans lose heat less rapidly, because of the large heat capacity of water, their ability to overturn as the surfaces cool and become negatively buoyant, and the movement of ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio current.

With a heat capacity for the total atmosphere equal to ~ 3 meter of water and an average temperature far below the average surface temperature there is no way you can warm Earth's surface and oceans from the atmosphere.

So if on shined that laser on a square meter for say 10 mins then the 1 mm depth of square meter could warm by about 1 C. Rather than water one could also heat up anything with a thin surface [and assuming one reduces the heat loss] So thin sheet of paper which absorbs [has heat capacity of whatever wavelength one is using could heated within mins of exposure.

Differences in available energy, canopy roughness, the timing of physiological functioning, water holding capacity of the soil and rooting depth of the vegetation explained the observed differences in sensible and latent heat exchange of the contrasting vegetation surfaces.

Of course, this may only happen mostly on the 30 % land surfaces, predominantly at lower elevations, I would think — not on water covered surfaces where the heat capacity of water would limit the cooling or heating of the crust, although any part of the affected plate that is land bound would still lever the whole plate to or frOf course, this may only happen mostly on the 30 % land surfaces, predominantly at lower elevations, I would think — not on water covered surfaces where the heat capacity of water would limit the cooling or heating of the crust, although any part of the affected plate that is land bound would still lever the whole plate to or frof water would limit the cooling or heating of the crust, although any part of the affected plate that is land bound would still lever the whole plate to or frof the crust, although any part of the affected plate that is land bound would still lever the whole plate to or frof the affected plate that is land bound would still lever the whole plate to or fro.

Note: LOTI provides a more realistic representation of the global mean trends than dTs below; it slightly underestimates warming or cooling trends, since the much larger heat capacity of water compared to air causes a slower and diminished reaction to changes; dTs on the other hand overestimates trends, since it disregards most of the dampening effects of the oceans that cover about two thirds of the Earth's surface.

The mass of the water and the mass of the cookie are supposed to represent the relative thermal capacities of the earth's surface and rarefied CO2.

Yes, it is not a simple problem considering about 70 % of the earth's surface is covered by water and the heat capacity of the oceans is several orders of magnitude greater than the atmosphere.

The «note» you refer to goes: «Note: LOTI provides a more realistic representation of the global mean trends than dTs below; it slightly underestimates warming or cooling trends, since the much larger heat capacity of water compared to air causes a slower and diminished reaction to changes; dTs on the other hand overestimates trends, since it disregards most of the dampening effects of the oceans that cover about two thirds of the earth's surface.»

We also know that a purely radiative response is not the way our climate reacts, mainly because of the presence of liquid water on the surface and its capacity to vaporize, and also because of instabilities that can lead to convective adjustments.