The first phase of the EU ETS — from 2005 to 2007 — drew criticism for not achieving substantial cuts in emissions, and for giving firms windfall profits by distributing
carbon allowances for free.
The first phase of the EU ETS — from 2005 to 2007 — drew criticism for not achieving substantial cuts in emissions, excessive allowance price volatility and for resulting in windfall profits for some utility firms that received
carbon allowances for free but were able to pass through their full cost to consumers in the form of higher electricity prices.
The industries can generate cash by selling unused
carbon allowances for profit if they reduce emissions more than required.
Not exact matches
The conclusions are based on a model accounting
for fuel prices, GHG
allowances and the payback period of technologies such as combined heat and power and
carbon capture and storage.
It also lays out guidelines
for carbon trading, which lets power generators buy
allowances or credits from cleaner electricity sources to meet required CO2 levels.
They will be allocated around 100 Mt of
allowances for the duration of the three - year trial, although expected economic growth means they will have to reduce their
carbon intensity by an estimated 30 percent by 2015 compared with 2010.
Outright fraud has plagued emissions markets, whether it's Anne Sholtz building a Ponzi scheme out of smog
allowances in Los Angeles or European cheats charging extra
for carbon allowances under the guise of collecting a tax and then disappearing with the proceeds.
In his campaign last fall, President Barack Obama called
for a «cap and trade» plan that would auction off
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
allowances to big
carbon polluters.
--
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(C), 1 emission allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of fossil fuel - based carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, or any other fluorinated gas that is a greenhouse gas (except for nitrogen trifluoride), or any combination thereof, produced or imported by such covered entity during the previous calendar year for sale or distribution in interstate commer
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(C), 1 emission
allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of fossil fuel - based carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, or any other fluorinated gas that is a greenhouse gas (except for nitrogen trifluoride), or any combination thereof, produced or imported by such covered entity during the previous calendar year for sale or distribution in interstate commer
for each ton of
carbon dioxide equivalent of fossil fuel - based
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, or any other fluorinated gas that is a greenhouse gas (except
for nitrogen trifluoride), or any combination thereof, produced or imported by such covered entity during the previous calendar year for sale or distribution in interstate commer
for nitrogen trifluoride), or any combination thereof, produced or imported by such covered entity during the previous calendar year
for sale or distribution in interstate commer
for sale or distribution in interstate commerce.
-- If a reversal has occurred with respect to an offset project
for which offset credits are reserved under this paragraph, the Administrator shall retire offset credits or emission
allowances from the offsets reserve to fully account
for the tons of
carbon dioxide equivalent that are no longer sequestered.
«(B) the incremental number of tons of
carbon dioxide emitted solely as a result of a qualifying thermal sales agreement referred to in subsection (a)(5)(B)(ii), provided that in no event shall the Administrator distribute more than 1 emission
allowance for the same ton of emissions.
$ 8 billion) over first ten years
for deficit reductionObeys PAYGO; Starting in 2026, 25 % of auction revenues
for deficit reductionFuels and TransportationIncrease biofuels to 60 million gallons by 2030, low -
carbon fuel standard of 10 % by 2010, 1 million plug» in hybrid cars by 2025, raise fuel economy standards, smart growth funding, end oil subsidies, promote natural gas drilling, enhanced oil recoverySmart growth funding, plug - in hybrids, raise fuel economy standards $ 7 billion a year
for smart growth funding, plug - in hybrids, natural gas vehicles, raise fuel economy standards; offshore drilling with revenue sharing and oil spill veto, natural gas fracking disclosureCost ContainmentInternational offsetsOffset pool, banking and borrowing flexibility, soft price collar using permit reserve auction at $ 28 per ton going to 60 % above three - year - average market price» Hard» price collar between $ 12 and $ 25 per ton, floor increases at 3 % + CPI, ceiling at 5 % + CPI, plus permit reserve auction, offsets like W - MClean Air Act And StatesNot discussedOnly polluters above 25,000 tons of
carbon dioxide equivalent a year, regional cap and trade suspended until 2017, EPA to set stationary source performance standards in 2016, some Clean Air Act provisions excludedOnly polluters above 25,000 tons of
carbon dioxide equivalent a year, regional cap and trade pre-empted, establishes coal - fired plant performance standards, some Clean Air Act provisions excludedInternational CompetitivenessTax incentives
for domestic auto industryFree
allowances for trade - exposed industries, 2020
carbon tariff on importsCarbon tariff on importsReferences: Barack Obama, 2007; Barack Obama, 8/3/08; Pew Center, 6/26/09; leaked drafts of American Power Act, 5/11/10.
(ii) Insurance that provides
for purchase and provision to the Secretary
for retirement of a quantity of offset credits or emission
allowances equal in number to the tons of
carbon dioxide equivalents of greenhouse gas emissions released due to reversal.
«(B) Insurance that provides
for purchase and provision to the Administrator
for retirement of an amount of offset credits or emission
allowances equal in number to the tons of
carbon dioxide equivalents of greenhouse gas emissions released due to reversal.
--
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(J), 1 emission allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that would be emitted from the combustion of the natural gas, and any other gas meeting the specifications for commingling with natural gas for purposes of delivery, that such entity delivered during the previous calendar year to customers that are not covered entities, assuming no capture and sequestration of that greenhouse g
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(J), 1 emission
allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that would be emitted from the combustion of the natural gas, and any other gas meeting the specifications for commingling with natural gas for purposes of delivery, that such entity delivered during the previous calendar year to customers that are not covered entities, assuming no capture and sequestration of that greenhouse g
for each ton of
carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that would be emitted from the combustion of the natural gas, and any other gas meeting the specifications
for commingling with natural gas for purposes of delivery, that such entity delivered during the previous calendar year to customers that are not covered entities, assuming no capture and sequestration of that greenhouse g
for commingling with natural gas
for purposes of delivery, that such entity delivered during the previous calendar year to customers that are not covered entities, assuming no capture and sequestration of that greenhouse g
for purposes of delivery, that such entity delivered during the previous calendar year to customers that are not covered entities, assuming no capture and sequestration of that greenhouse gas.
-- Where
carbon dioxide (or another greenhouse gas) generated by a covered entity is used as an input in the production of algae - based fuels, the Administrator shall ensure that emission
allowances are required to be held either
for the
carbon dioxide generated by a covered entity that is used to grow the algae or
for the portion of the
carbon dioxide emitted from combustion of the fuel produced from such algae that is attributable to
carbon dioxide generated by a covered entity, but not
for both.
The objective is
for the CGYs to be recognized as equivalent to the
carbon offsets now traded under the European Trading System (ETS), EU Member States and companies operating under the EU ETS would purchase and trade the CGY credits as they do other GHG
allowance credits.
The auction part isn't to see who wants the right to pollute more next year — nearly all of the pollution
allowances in the program
for 2013 have already been given to utilities and industry in the state — rather the auction is to determine what price the market will bear
for the
carbon.
Children, of course, are choices and so should be paid
for by their parents and so should get no
carbon allowance, thus helping with your population fears.
Transport emissions would be tackled by requiring refineries and importers of petroleum to hold
allowances for each ton of
carbon dioxide that would be emitted in the combustion of their products.
Emitters would then be required to submit to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) one
allowances for each ton of CO2, or the
carbon dioxide equivalent of other greenhouse gases, they emit.
At the end of each compliance period (two years
for the first period, three years
for the next two), polluters must then submit a number of
allowances equal to the number of tons of
carbon (or the equivalent to a ton of
carbon dioxide
for other greenhouse gases) that they emitted.
Auctioning 100 % of
carbon allowances would eliminate some of the biggest opportunities
for gaming the system, corruption, and misusing political influence to gain special favors.
Fortunately, RGGI's design built in a «price floor,» a minimum price
for each «
allowance» (or pollution permit), which made the system function like a very low
carbon tax of $ 2 per ton of CO2 until 2013.
To make up
for the missed revenue from the taxes and fire prevention fees, as well as to pay
for offsets to counteract additional
allowances put on the market if the
carbon price hits its upper bound, money will be taken from the cap - and - trade program's revenue, effectively decreasing the amount of discretionary funds remaining
for local environmental investments and other greenhouse gas reduction projects.
New Zealand
carbon allowance prices rose 10 cents to their highest since Mar. 1 on Thursday, the deadline day
for emitters to report their 2017 GHG output.
Operators of fossil fuel plants with at least 25 megawatts in capacity hold «
carbon allowances»
for every ton of CO2 emissions their plants give off.
(Sec. 115) Amends the CAA to require the EPA Administrator to promulgate regulations providing
for the distribution of emission
allowances (established by this Act) that are allocated to support the commercial deployment of
carbon capture and sequestration technologies in electric power generation and industrial operations.
Subtitle B: Disposition of
Allowances -(Sec. 321) Amends the CAA to set forth provisions governing the disposition of emission allowances, including specifying allocations: (1) for supplemental emissions reductions from reduced deforestation; (2) for the benefit of electricity, natural gas, and / or home heating oil and propane consumers; (3) for auction, with proceeds for the benefit of low income consumers and worker investment; (4) to energy - intensive, trade - exposed industries; (5) for the deployment of carbon capture and sequestration technology; (6) to invest in energy efficiency and renewable energy; (7) to be distributed to Energy Innovation Hubs and advanced energy research; (8) to invest in the development and deployment of clean vehicles; (9) to domestic petroleum refineries and small business refiners; (10) for domestic and international adaptation; (11) for domestic wildlife and natural resource adaptation; and (12) for international clean technology d
Allowances -(Sec. 321) Amends the CAA to set forth provisions governing the disposition of emission
allowances, including specifying allocations: (1) for supplemental emissions reductions from reduced deforestation; (2) for the benefit of electricity, natural gas, and / or home heating oil and propane consumers; (3) for auction, with proceeds for the benefit of low income consumers and worker investment; (4) to energy - intensive, trade - exposed industries; (5) for the deployment of carbon capture and sequestration technology; (6) to invest in energy efficiency and renewable energy; (7) to be distributed to Energy Innovation Hubs and advanced energy research; (8) to invest in the development and deployment of clean vehicles; (9) to domestic petroleum refineries and small business refiners; (10) for domestic and international adaptation; (11) for domestic wildlife and natural resource adaptation; and (12) for international clean technology d
allowances, including specifying allocations: (1)
for supplemental emissions reductions from reduced deforestation; (2)
for the benefit of electricity, natural gas, and / or home heating oil and propane consumers; (3)
for auction, with proceeds
for the benefit of low income consumers and worker investment; (4) to energy - intensive, trade - exposed industries; (5)
for the deployment of
carbon capture and sequestration technology; (6) to invest in energy efficiency and renewable energy; (7) to be distributed to Energy Innovation Hubs and advanced energy research; (8) to invest in the development and deployment of clean vehicles; (9) to domestic petroleum refineries and small business refiners; (10)
for domestic and international adaptation; (11)
for domestic wildlife and natural resource adaptation; and (12)
for international clean technology deployment.
Requires the President to: (1) report to Congress, by January 1, 2017, and biannually thereafter, on the effectiveness of the distribution of emission
allowance rebates in mitigating
carbon leakage in eligible industrial sectors: (2) establish, if there is no multilateral agreement on reducing GHGs in force by January 1, 2018, an international reserve
allowance program
for each eligible industrial sector unless the President determines and the Congress concurs that the program, or inclusion of a sector within that program, would not be in the nation's economic or environmental interests.
Establishes eligibility criteria
for facilities to receive
allowances based on the number of tons of
carbon dioxide sequestered.
(Sec. 132) Requires the EPA Administrator to distribute
for 2011 - 2049: (1)
carbon offset
allowances among states; and (2)
allowances to states
for renewable energy and energy efficiency programs to be deposited in and administered through the SEED accounts.
The resistance by Lincoln and her Senate colleagues undercuts President Barack Obama's effort to win passage of legislation that would cap
carbon dioxide emissions and establish a market
for trading pollution
allowances, said Peter Molinaro, the head of government affairs
for Midland, Michigan - based Dow Chemical Co., which supports the measure.
Requires auctions to have a minimum reserve price, which in: (1) 2012 will be $ 28 per
allowance; (2) 2013 and 2014 will be the minimum strategic reserve auction price
for the previous year increased by 5 % plus the rate of inflation; and (3) 2015 and thereafter will be 60 % above a rolling 36 - month average of the daily closing price
for that year's emission
allowance vintage as reported on registered
carbon trading facilities.
Requires the Secretary of Agriculture to establish a program to provide incentives in the form of emission
allowances for activities undertaken in the agriculture sector that reduce GHG emissions or sequester
carbon, including activities that prevent conversion of land that would increase emissions.
Upon reaching the limit described in the preceding sentence, any emission
allowances that are allocated
for carbon capture and sequestration deployment under section 782 (f) and are not yet obligated under this section shall be treated as
allowances not designated
for distribution
for purposes of section 782 (r).
-- This subsection shall apply only to the distribution of emission
allowances for carbon capture and sequestration projects at electric generating units after the capacity threshold identified in subsection (c)(1) is reached.
--
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(F), (G), or (H), 1 emission allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that such covered entity emitted in the previous calendar year, excluding emissions resulting from
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(F), (G), or (H), 1 emission
allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that such covered entity emitted in the previous calendar year, excluding emissions resulting from
for each ton of
carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that such covered entity emitted in the previous calendar year, excluding emissions resulting from --
--
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(A), 1 emission allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that such covered entity emitted in the previous calendar year, excluding emissions resulting from the combustion of
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(A), 1 emission
allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that such covered entity emitted in the previous calendar year, excluding emissions resulting from the combustion of
for each ton of
carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that such covered entity emitted in the previous calendar year, excluding emissions resulting from the combustion of --
--
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(I), 1 emission allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that the devices emitted in the previous calendar year, excluding emissions resulting from the combustion of
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(I), 1 emission
allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that the devices emitted in the previous calendar year, excluding emissions resulting from the combustion of
for each ton of
carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that the devices emitted in the previous calendar year, excluding emissions resulting from the combustion of --
--
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(E), 1 emission allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that such covered entity emitted in the previous calendar ye
For a covered entity described in section 700 (13)(E), 1 emission
allowance for each ton of carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that such covered entity emitted in the previous calendar ye
for each ton of
carbon dioxide equivalent of greenhouse gas that such covered entity emitted in the previous calendar year.
«(B) Insurance that provides
for purchase and provision to the Administrator
for retirement of an amount of offset credits or emission
allowances equal in number to the tons of
carbon dioxide equivalents of greenhouse gas emissions released due to reversal.
-- If the Administrator determines that domestic offset credits available
for use in demonstrating compliance in any calendar year at domestic offset prices generally equal to or less than emission
allowance prices, are likely to offset less than 0.9 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions (measured in tons of
carbon dioxide equivalents),
for purposes of compliance demonstration in that year the Administrator shall --
«(2) No additional projects shall be eligible
for allowances under subsection (b)(1)(A)(ii) and (iv)(II) as of such time as the Administrator reports, pursuant to section 812 (d), that
carbon capture and sequestration retrofit projects at electric generating units that are eligible
for allowances under this section have been applied, in the aggregate, to the flue gas generated by 1 gigawatt of total cumulative generating capacity.
--
For each strategic reserve auction held in 2015 and each year thereafter, the minimum strategic reserve auction price shall be 60 percent above a rolling 36 - month average of the daily closing price for that year's emission allowance vintage as reported on registered carbon trading facilities, calculated using constant dolla
For each strategic reserve auction held in 2015 and each year thereafter, the minimum strategic reserve auction price shall be 60 percent above a rolling 36 - month average of the daily closing price
for that year's emission allowance vintage as reported on registered carbon trading facilities, calculated using constant dolla
for that year's emission
allowance vintage as reported on registered
carbon trading facilities, calculated using constant dollars.
-- Where
carbon dioxide (or another greenhouse gas) generated by a covered entity is used as an input in the production of algae - based fuels, the Administrator shall ensure that emission
allowances are required to be held either
for the
carbon dioxide generated by a covered entity that is used to grow the algae or
for the portion of the
carbon dioxide emitted from combustion of the fuel produced from such algae that is attributable to
carbon dioxide generated by a covered entity, but not
for both.
Analysis that supported the design of Ontario's cap and trade program,
for example, found that linked
allowance trade reduced the cost of Ontario achieving its climate targets alone from $ 157 per tonne of
carbon dioxide to just $ 20 per tonne with linked
carbon trade.
Linkage (unilateral or bilateral recognition of
allowances) among
carbon markets — and,
for that matter links with non-market-based systems — can reduce the aggregate cost of achieving climate targets.
While California cap - and - trade doesn't apply directly to us, it does apply to the joint powers authority called PWRPA that we helped establish to get our power, and we may have a chance to sell
carbon allowances from environmental improvements that we make (at 1:53:00, end of staff presentation): In addition to what you can see on the video is the 3 hours that we spent in closed (confidential) session to discuss internally the negotiations with labor unions
for new contracts.
Each year, everyone gets an
allowance (credit)
for carbon - based energy.