Sentences with phrase «carbon cycle changes»

«All forests are disturbed every year at some background rate; carbon cycle changes occur if this background rate increases as storms become more frequent or intense,» he said.

Ecol.35, 451 — 463; Prentice, I. C., Harrison, S. P. & Bartlein, P. J. 2011 Global vegetation and terrestrial carbon cycle changes after the last ice age.

1, The carbon cycle changes in the past were slow, order 1,000 years.

CO2 record are dominated by tropical deforestation variations, and terrestrial carbon cycle changes (respiration in soils, deciduous plants, droughts etc.).

Not exact matches

Global change research encompasses a wide variety of study areas, including atmospheric sciences, ecology, global carbon cycles, climatology, and terrestrial processes.

However, additionally, climate change is also being intensified on its own, because global warming is also causing the natural carbon cycle to change.

Understanding carbon cycling is essential to understanding present and future changes to global climate.

Toohey said the two studies strongly suggest that permafrost loss is leading to massive changes in hydrology within the Arctic and boreal forests that may have consequences for the carbon cycle, fish and wildlife habitat and other parts of the ecosystem.

Taking factors such as sea surface temperature, greenhouse gases and natural aerosol particles into consideration, the researchers determined that changes in the concentration of black carbon could be the primary driving force behind the observed alterations to the hydrological cycle in the region.

«It's the engine that drives the carbon cycle for the whole world, which makes it important when we discuss climate changes.

Downcore changes in carbon and sulfur cycling show discrete geochemical intervals with chemoautotrophic δ13C signatures locally attenuated by heterotrophic metabolism.

«This work will help increase our understanding of climate change, carbon cycling, and ocean acidification in the Arctic, particularly as it affects marine and fishery science and technology,» added Chen.

«Future climate change may be underestimated,» says study coauthor Yujie He, a carbon cycle researcher at the University of California, Irvine.

There is concern in the scientific community that forest fires may set in motion a vicious cycle, where the burning of forests releases more carbon into the atmosphere, thus aggravating the effects of climate change.

«We can use the inclusions to date different parts of an individual diamond, and that allows us to potentially look at how the processes that formed diamonds may have changed over time and how this may be related to the changing carbon cycle on Earth.»

Nor do they know what such changes mean for the food web; for life - cycle events like migration, breeding and nesting; for the amount of moisture that trees will suck from the soil; or for the amount of carbon dioxide stored by plants.

«It's a hard question to answer, because it takes a long time to see how ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycles change.»

Human - induced changes to Earth's carbon cycle — for example, rising atmospheric carbon dioxide and ocean acidification — have been observed for decades.

Drought holding back forests ability to store carbon may prove a vicious cycle of climate change

«Driving factors behind changes between local and global carbon cycles.»

Only with this knowledge, we can estimate how global change will alter the carbon cycle in the future.»

«It is true that there are other factors (such as volcanism, the changes in the orbit and the axis of the Earth, the solar cycle), but numerous scientific studies indicate that most of the global warming in recent decades is due to the large concentration of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxide and others) mainly emitted due to human activity.»

A recent trend in GCMs is to extend them to become Earth system models, that include such things as submodels for atmospheric chemistry or a carbon cycle model to better predict changes in carbon dioxide concentrations resulting from changes in emissions.

Bauer also noted that for the first time, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is expected to acknowledge the importance of coastal waters to the global carbon cycle in its next report, due out in early 2014.

Hayes believes that a fundamental change in the carbon cycle around 570 million years ago made younger rocks better at turning dead organisms into oil.

«Understanding the global carbon cycle is really important, especially when talking about climate change,» says Catherine Drennan, an MIT professor of chemistry and biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator.

«The data is still coming in but there are indications that this ecosystem is shifting and it could potentially be a massive shift,» he says, pointing to changes in the global carbon cycle and the predator / prey dynamics.

If the change to the carbon cycle really was instantaneous, a comet is a good candidate, agrees Dallas Abbott at Columbia University in Palisades, New York — although it would have to have been large to have such a dramatic effect.

Climate change is thus inseparable from ocean change, and our ability to understand these changes relies heavily on our understanding of ocean ecosystems and, more specifically, the role of iron in regulating ocean productivity and hence the global carbon cycle and climate.

Researchers note that the global consequences on ecosystem function, biodiversity, and the carbon cycle that begets climate change could be great.

For carbon perturbations that take place over shorter timescales, the pace of carbon - cycle changes will not matter; instead, the size or magnitude of the change will determine the likelihood of an extinction event.

In a paper published in Science Advances, he proposes that mass extinction occurs if one of two thresholds are crossed: For changes in the carbon cycle that occur over long timescales, extinctions will follow if those changes occur at rates faster than global ecosystems can adapt.

Human decisions have introduced additional perturbations to the carbon cycle, in the form of fossil - fuel burning, cutting down forests, and land use changes, just to name a few.

Schimel presented his work to forecast and understand land - ecosystem impacts on the carbon cycle at the global scale as part of the Frontiers in Global Change Seminar Series, June 21.

3 By making mathematical models of the carbon cycle in order to understand how oxygen — critical for large, complex organisms — was able to build up in the atmosphere because of changes in how organic matter decays;

Marine planktonic ecosystem dynamics, biogeochemical cycling and ocean - atmosphere - land carbon system, ocean acidification, climate change and ocean circulation, satellite ocean color, air - sea gas exchange, numerical modeling, data analysis, and data assimilation

Special attention is paid to feedbacks of physiological changes on the carbon, nitrogen, iron, and sulfur cycles and how these changes will affect and be affected by future climate change.

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) causes pronounced shifts in marine carbonate chemistry and a decrease in seawater pH. Increasing evidence indicates that these changes — summarized by the term ocean acidification (OA)-- can significantly affect marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles.

Ricke and Caldeira sought to correct that by combining the results from two large modeling studies one about the way carbon emissions interact with the global carbon cycle and one about the effect of carbon on the Earth's climate used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

Dufresne, P.M Cox, and P. Rayner, 2003: How positive is the feedback between climate change and the carbon cycle?

«Changes in ocean circulation have been proposed as a trigger mechanism for the large coupled climate and carbon cycle perturbations at the Paleocene - Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, ca. 55 Ma).

The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition (the concentrations of carbon dioxide, methane); changes in the Earth's orbit around the Sun known as Milankovitch cycles (and possibly the Sun's orbit around the galaxy); the motion of tectonic plates resulting in changes in the relative location and amount of continental and oceanic crust on the Earth's surface, which could affect wind and ocean currents; variations in solar output; the orbital dynamics of the Earth - Moon system; and the impact of relatively large meteorites, and volcanism including eruptions of supervolcanoes.

Friedlingstein, P., et al., 2001: Positive feedback between future climate change and the carbon cycle.

2) Effects of climate change on phenology and carbon cycles in forests.

Dufresne, J. - L., et al., 2002: On the magnitude of positive feedback between future climate change and the carbon cycle.

Despite claims to the contrary, the conclusions of the IPCC take CO2 fertilisation properly into account in the assessment of climate change feedbacks involving the carbon cycle, and in the assessment of the impacts of climate change on ecosystems.

Human - induced changes to carbon fluxes across the land - ocean interface can influence the global carbon cycle, yet the impacts of rapid urbanization and establishment of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on coastal ocean carbon cycles are poorly known.

Consequently, an international team of researchers led by Markus Reichstein, director at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry in Jena, Germany, investigated the influence of extreme climate events on the carbon cycle of land ecosystems and if the resulting additional CO2 emissions feedback on climate change.

His research is at the interface of ecosystems, land use, and climate change focusing on tropical deforestation and degradation, functional diversity of tropical canopies, conservation of African savannas, invasive species and climate change, and the effects of land use on the global carbon cycle.

The discovery could greatly improve climate change projections, which rely on understanding the carbon cycle.