S2) that if the smallest area and
carbon debt from LUC are given priority, then oil palm would be the best feedstock for biodiesel by far.
Even if the forests eventually regrow, notes Prof. Sterman, each year the new
carbon debt from increased harvest and combustion outweighs the regrowth, just as borrowing more on a credit card each month than one is able to pay back will steadily increase what he or she owes.
Not exact matches
Conservative finance critic Pierre Poilievre called the PBO's findings «damaging» for the government, citing the impact of larger deficits, higher
debt payments and a
carbon tax that he says will erase at least $ 10 billion per year
from the national economy by 2022.
«It takes decades to centuries to repay the
carbon debt that is created
from clearing land.»
Biofuels
from waste avoid the
carbon and energy
debts incurred by more common examples such as ethanol
from corn or diesel
from soy.
More precisely, atmospheric CO2 rises as long as NPP [net primary production] remains below the initial
carbon debt incurred each year plus the fluxes of
carbon from biomass and soils to the atmosphere.»
Burning wood instead of coal therefore creates a
carbon debt — an immediate increase in atmospheric CO2 compared to fossil energy — that can be repaid over time only as — and if — NPP [net primary production] rises above the flux of
carbon from biomass and soils to the atmosphere on the harvested lands.»
That plunge in emissions is necessary because unlike most other pollutants,
carbon dioxide
from fuel burning stays in circulation for centuries, building in the atmosphere like unpaid credit - card
debt.
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HSBC warned that 40 - 60 % of the market capitalisation of oil and gas companies was at risk
from the
carbon bubble, with the top 200 fossil fuel companies alone having a current value of $ 4tn, along with $ 1.5 tn
debt.
Focusing on the
carbon emissions associated with tropical deforestation, it showed that converting rainforests or grasslands to corn, soybean, or palm oil biofuel production led to a
carbon emissions increase — a «biofuel
carbon debt» — that was at least 37 times greater than the annual reduction in greenhouse gases resulting
from the shift
from fossil fuels to biofuels.
For forests in the central and eastern US, which supply much of the wood used in UK power plants, the payback time for this
carbon debt ranges
from 44 to 104 years, depending on forest type — and assuming the land remains forest.
If the land is developed, or converted to agricultural use, then the
carbon debt is never repaid and grows over time as the harvested land emits additional
carbon from soils.
Interestingly, beyond this, despite considerable rhetoric about moving beyond debates about
carbon - pricing, the report recommends that in order to avoid adding to the Federal
debt, it would be necessary to impose new taxes, including increased royalties for oil and gas extraction, a tax on imported oil, a tax on electricity sales, and a «very small
carbon price» (presumably
from a modest
carbon tax or unambitious cap - and - trade system).
A central hurdle is that
carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere like unpaid credit card
debt as long as emissions exceed the rate at which the gas is naturally removed
from the atmosphere by the oceans and plants.
We are out of
carbon budget; EVERY expenditure of fossil fuel
from now on increases our
carbon debt, and reduces our chances of avoiding the climate Apocalypse.
It can be argued that soybean is not the most efficient feedstock for biodiesel because it occupies large tracts of land, incurs considerable
carbon debt (even without considering ILUC), and has a low annual rate of saved
carbon from replacing fossil diesel.