Unfortunately, that low -
carbon fuel of the future is not likely to be the blend that performed well here.
Not exact matches
It could even take the form
of an investment in
carbon capture and storage technology to allow fossil
fuels to be part
of the
future energy mix.
A small but growing number
of countries now have legal requirements for institutional investors to report on how their investment policies and performance are affected by environmental factors, including South Africa and, prospectively, the EU.36 Concern about the risks
of a «
carbon bubble» — that highly valued fossil
fuel assets and investments could be devalued or «stranded» under
future, more stringent climate policies — prompted G20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors in April 2015 to ask the Financial Stability Board in Basel to convene an inquiry into how the financial sector can take account
of climate - related issues.37
«Through the Business for Social Responsibility
Future of Fuels program, Coca - Cola and PepsiCo are researching the carbon intensity of their vehicle fuels, the ways that they can reduce reliance on high - carbon fuels, and opportunities for increasing the number of plug - in and hybrid vehicles in their fleets,» the two w
Fuels program, Coca - Cola and PepsiCo are researching the
carbon intensity
of their vehicle
fuels, the ways that they can reduce reliance on high - carbon fuels, and opportunities for increasing the number of plug - in and hybrid vehicles in their fleets,» the two w
fuels, the ways that they can reduce reliance on high -
carbon fuels, and opportunities for increasing the number of plug - in and hybrid vehicles in their fleets,» the two w
fuels, and opportunities for increasing the number
of plug - in and hybrid vehicles in their fleets,» the two wrote.
Unlike Governor Cuomo, they have both gone out
of their way to take positive steps on climate change; A.G. Schneiderman by issuing a report detailing the need to address climate change at the state level, Comptroller DiNapoli by effectively pressing the world's largest fossil
fuel companies to disclose how their business plans fare in a low -
carbon future.»
And although the company expects governments to impose new regulations on greenhouse gases in the
future, it believes «an artificial capping
of carbon - based
fuels to levels in the «low
carbon scenario» is highly unlikely.»
«This pioneering flight will enable those
of us who are serious about reducing our
carbon emissions to go on developing the
fuels of the
future,» Sir Richard Branson, president
of Virgin Atlantic, said in a statement.
These «second - generation» bioenergy crops are often seen as the
future of bioenergy because, as perennials, they are far better at storing
carbon in the soil and in their biomass than traditional
fuel crops like corn and canola.
It's also critical to a
future less dependent on foreign oil: Hydraulic fracturing, «clean coal» technologies, nuclear
fuel production, and
carbon storage (the keystone
of the strategy to address climate change) all count on pushing waste into rock formations below the earth's surface.
It concluded that atmospheric
carbon dioxide concentrations had already increased by about 25 percent in the past century, and continued use
of fossil
fuels would lead to substantial temperature increases in the
future.
One
of the big questions is whether
future missions could somehow use
carbon dioxide on Mars to create oxygen and rocket
fuel — both
of which are vital ingredients
of a feasible manned base on Mars.
RD&D on
carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is needed, especially given our conclusion that the current atmospheric CO2 level is already in the dangerous zone, but continuing issues with CCS technology [7], [244] make it inappropriate to construct fossil
fuel power plants with a promise
of future retrofit for
carbon capture.
published report, Hayward stated that holding the US back from fulfilling it's petroleum - based product requirements is «a reluctance to develop the nation's massive natural resources under the mistaken belief in the unproven science that claims
carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning
of fossil
fuels is the major cause
of recent and
future warming
of the Earth.
But as we build that clean energy
future, our modern lives are still powered by fossil
fuels and the burning
of those
fuels is releasing tons
of carbon dioxide into the air.
I've always thought that CCS was an inelegant way to lick the
carbon problem — because it involves burning
fuels and then corralling a huge mass
of pollution rather than avoiding the pollution in the first place — but if gas is to be a real «bridge» to a low emission
future rather than a nice - looking dead end then we must seriously explore ways to further cut emissions from gas plants.
However, greatly increased
future production
of heavy oil, tar / oil sands and bitumen in Canada and other countries with huge anounts
of these
carbon intensive
fuel resources is now in full swing.
But I find it hard to reconcile the group's financial support for Climate Depot with its rhetorical embrace
of Richard Smalley's vision
of a sustainable energy
future — which was premised on an inevitable transition away from
carbon - rich
fuels and included a modest tax on liquid
fuels.
I envision a day when
carbon rich liquid is used to fill in the holes from which oil was once extracted, for example, and
of course for the foreseeable
future there will be applications (air travel) where fossil
fuels are the only viable option.
There are alternatives I don't think I convinced either
of my two audiences that fossil
fuels are going to disappear overnight, but once I drew their attention to recent declines in Chinese coal production and a stall in global
carbon emissions they did appear to concede that basing
future investment decisions simply on past patterns
of consumption might not be the wisest
of strategies.
At a plausible GHG emissions price
of $ 50 / t CO2eq under a
future US
carbon mitigation policy, such co-production systems competing as power suppliers would be able to provide low - GHG - emitting synthetic
fuels at the same unit cost as for coal synfuels characterized by ten times the GHG emission rate that are produced in plants having three times the synfuel output capacity and requiring twice the total capital investment.
In the near term, federal policy could: i) level the playing field between air captured CO2 and fossil -
fuel derived CO2 by providing subsidies or credits for superior
carbon lifecycle emissions that account for recovering
carbon from the atmosphere; ii) provide additional research funding into air capture R&D initiatives, along with other areas
of carbon removal, which have historically been unable to secure grants; and iii) ensure air capture is deployed in a manner that leads to sustainable net - negative emissions pathways in the
future, within the framework
of near - term national emissions reductions, and securing 2 °C - avoiding emissions trajectories.
Due to the high cost
of capturing, transporting, and sequestering
carbon dioxide, EPA expects that any new coal fired power plants built in the foreseeable
future will defray the costs
of CCS by selling its
carbon dioxide to oil companies, which can use the gas to help extract oil by displacing liquid
fuels deep underground, in a process known as CO2 enhanced oil recovery (or CO2 - EOR).
At the same time, some
of these companies» own shareholders are pushing them to scale back their dependence on
carbon - based
fuels, worried about the
future financial impact
of heightened global - warming regulation.
While the above analysis yields good results for by tying past climate change to increases in human CO2 emissions, it should be cautioned that the suggested exponential time relation is not suitable for projecting the
future over longer time periods, because
of possible changes in human population growth rates and absolute limitations on
carbon available in remaining fossil
fuels.
«The uncertainty around the
future of carbon intensive
fuels needs to be translated across credit analysis
of business models going forward.»
IIASA Working Paper WP -81-107: 29, 1981 Estimating the
future input
of fossil
fuel CO2 into the atmosphere by simulation gaming, climate, decarbonization, hydrogen,
carbon dioxide, co2
This workshop, organised by KAPSARC in partnership with the Clingendael International Energy Program, is one in a series
of workshops to inform research into the role
of fossil
fuels through the transition to a low
carbon future.
You can't ignore the fact that all credible forecasts conclude that roughly three quarters
of mankind's energy needs will continue to be met by
carbon - based
fuels for the foreseeable
future.
Estimating the
future input
of fossil
fuel CO2 into the atmosphere by simulation gaming, climate, decarbonization, hydrogen,
carbon dioxide, co2
In recent years, Harvard faculty members have made many vital contributions in this area, such as creating an artificial leaf that mimics photosynthesis, designing new chemical processes to reduce fossil
fuel dependence, developing new battery technologies, envisioning the
future of green buildings and cities, proposing
carbon pricing models, and helping to shape progress on international climate agreements, US energy policy, and strategies to reduce emissions in China.
However, you can say roughly that for each Gt
of carbon that I am off, the peak
of the part
of the temperature rise that is associated with
future fossil -
fuel burning will change by 0.0012 degrees Celsius.
Far more likely is a
future where economic growth continues at high ate, but consumption
of carbon fuels fall rapidly due to the increasing viability and attractiveness
of substitutes.
That's the dark
future we inch closer to with every 0.1 C degree
of further warming, with each additional megaton
of fossil
fuel and industrial
carbon hitting the atmosphere.
Once the absolute level
of the 2 °C
carbon budget has been calculated, one can vary what this might mean for each
of the fossil
fuels depending on one's view
of their relative
future prospects.
Further, as Chris Lang, editor
of Redd - Monitor, writes, while the world negotiates the
future of forest
carbon stocks, where's the discussion
of fossil
fuels?
High
carbon fossil
fuels - in particular tar sands, the most destructive and
carbon intensive source
of oil - have no place in our
future or in our economy.
It is our contention that this scenario reflects the minimum level
of constraint that can be expected in terms
of future fossil
fuel demand and CO2 emissions given the current state
of the low -
carbon transition.
A critical threat to the potential for
future reduction
of CO2 emissions from use
of fuel economy technologies is that they can be used to increase vehicle power and size rather than to improve the overall
fuel economy and reduce
carbon emissions.
We now have both an undeniable imperative to prevent
future harm coupled with increasingly powerful tools for bringing down world fossil
fuel use and an egregious dumping
of carbon into the atmosphere and oceans.
Via our society's use
of fossil
fuels we are, if our combustion
of these
fuels remains unchecked and in addition we further destroy the
carbon fixing capacity
of natural systems, destroying almost all wealth, the likelihood
of their being
future civilizations, and even the possibility for existence for
future generations.
A significant proportion
of fossil
fuel projects outside the
carbon budget are related to
future projects, which companies still have time to cancel — the less that energy transition risks are factored into company planning now, the greater chance
of value impacts in the
future.
In addition, Citigroup has argued that up to $ 100 trillion
of fossil
fuel revenues are at risk — and the businesses linked to them — from the clean energy transition to a low
carbon future
Instruments such as
carbon taxes that are designed to increase the cost
of burning fossil
fuels rely on decision makers to develop expectations about
future trajectories
of fuel prices and other economic conditions.
Albeit localised in this case, this example
of a fossil
fuel becoming stranded by lower - cost, lower -
carbon alternatives and increasing regulations provides an excellent example
of how the
future may pan out globally and with other
fuels as the world moves to a low -
carbon economy.
As in so many other realms
of its research, Exxon studied a potential
future of synthetic
fuels while recognizing that
carbon dioxide could be a powerful factor in its business decisions for decades to come.
The infographic below, based on IPCC data, depicts the likely consequences
of various emissions pathways ranging from a low -
carbon future to a fossil
fuel - intensive one.
In addition, I have shown you that the total
future GH warming from the principal GHG, CO2, is constrained by
carbon content
of all remaining fossil
fuels on Earth to an absolute asymptotic maximum
of around 2C, which could theoretically occur in 200 to 300 years, in the unlikely event that all fossil
fuels get 100 % used up by then
And you also knew, for example, that that an average gas driven car emitted 4.7 tons
of carbon dioxide per year and an electric car would cut that in half even when powered from the current polluting grid, and much much less on a life cycle basis from a
future global efficient renewable energy system displacing almost all fossil
fuels.
RD&D on
carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology is needed, especially given our conclusion that the current atmospheric CO2 level is already in the dangerous zone, but continuing issues with CCS technology [7], [244] make it inappropriate to construct fossil
fuel power plants with a promise
of future retrofit for
carbon capture.
So, although methane leakage reduces the short - term emissions benefit
of switching from coal to gas — and should be addressed for that reason — it does not limit natural gas's potential as a bridge
fuel to a low -
carbon future.