Sentences with phrase «carbonate alkalinity»
Accordingly, there are three main vectors of anthropogenic impacts on marine pH: (1) emissions of CO2, and other gases affecting marine pH, to the atmosphere; (2) perturbation of watershed processes affecting the inputs of nutrients, organic and inorganic carbon, acids and carbonate alkalinity to the ocean; and (3) impacts on ecosystem structure (Table 1).
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Upon dissolution in seawater, CO2 maintains an acid / base equilibrium with bicarbonate and carbonate ions that depends on the acid - titrating capacity of seawater (i.e., alkalinity).
As alkalinity decreases, precipitation of calcium carbonate becomes more and more difficult until eventually it is inhibited altogether.»
Intuitively, it might be expected that the precipitation of calcium carbonate would decrease solution pCO2 and dissolution of calcium carbonate would increase pCO2 because total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations and total alkalinity (TA) change in this manner.
Increased CO2 results in dissolution of calcium carbonate polymorphs which are supersaturated in seawater — which buffers the change in pH. Increased acidity (decreased alkalinity) is not the end state.
Those chalk deposits were the result of sinking plankton that produced calcium carbonate shells like foraminifera and coccolithophorids, As discussed in Natural Cycles of Ocean Acidification, the creation of calcium carbonate shells pumps alkalinity to depth but produces CO2 at the surface thus adding to higher concentrations of atmospheric CO2.
Somewhat more difficult: free CO2 is in chemical equilibrium with bicarbonates and carbonates, thus more CO2 gives more of the other and at the same time more hydrogen ions (that is acidity, or in this case less alkalinity).
TA, total alkalinity; DIC, dissolved inorganic carbon; pCO2, carbon dioxide concentration; HCO3 −, bicarbonate concentration; CO32 −, carbonate concentration; POC, particulate organic carbon content per cell; PP, primary production per cell; PIC, particulate inorganic carbon content per cell; CR, calcification rate per cell; Chl a, chlorophyll a content per cell.