According to research sponsored by the Council of Urban Boards of Education (CUBE) and the National
School Boards Association (NSBA), they include (1) feelings of safety among staff and students; (2) supportive relationships within the school; (3) engagement and empowerment of students as valued members and resources in the school community; (4) clear rules and boundaries that are understood by all students and staff; (5) high expectations for academic achievement and appropriate behavior; and (6) trust, respect, and an ethos of caring (Bryant & Kelly, 2006; Elfstrom, Vanderzee, Cuellar, Sink, & Volz, 2006; Perkins,
School Boards Association (NSBA), they include (1) feelings of safety among staff and students; (2) supportive relationships within the
school; (3) engagement and empowerment of students as valued members and resources in the school community; (4) clear rules and boundaries that are understood by all students and staff; (5) high expectations for academic achievement and appropriate behavior; and (6) trust, respect, and an ethos of caring (Bryant & Kelly, 2006; Elfstrom, Vanderzee, Cuellar, Sink, & Volz, 2006; Perkins,
school; (3) engagement and empowerment of students as valued members and resources in the
school community; (4) clear rules and boundaries that are understood by all students and staff; (5) high expectations for academic achievement and appropriate behavior; and (6) trust, respect, and an ethos of caring (Bryant & Kelly, 2006; Elfstrom, Vanderzee, Cuellar, Sink, & Volz, 2006; Perkins,
school community; (4) clear rules and boundaries that are understood by all students and staff; (5) high expectations for academic achievement and appropriate behavior; and (6) trust, respect, and an
ethos of
caring (Bryant & Kelly, 2006; Elfstrom, Vanderzee, Cuellar, Sink, & Volz, 2006; Perkins, 2006).
In addition, cross-case analyses revealed other important components not on the original list: positive
school culture (marked by rituals and traditions that celebrate student accomplishment, teacher innovation, parental commitment and a shared
ethos of
caring, concern and commitment to helping students learn); dynamic, personalized assessment systems; emphasis on the world of work; and deliberate fostering of learning experiences that develop initiative, self - regulation, persistence and collaboration.