These include all of the major developed and developing countries, though their contributions vary: in
the case of developed countries, actual cuts in emissions, but for developing countries a range of targets including limits on emissions compared to «business as usual», and pledges to increase low - carbon energy or preserve forests.
The Cancun agreements also call for workshops to clarify the assumptions behind countries» mitigation pledges and, in
the case of developed countries, to consider ways to increase their level of ambition.
Suppose, in 20 years interest rates in India come down like in
case of developed countries, what is the guarantee that LIC will pay at illustrated rate?
Not exact matches
Investors could decide to ditch investments in the
developing world both because higher rates in rich
countries would make those investments comparatively less attractive and because their appetite for risk would likely drop in
case of a U.S. default.
First, China could export more capital to
developed countries, in which
case the decision would have no immediate impact on China's overall balance
of payments, but it would run the risk
of angering its trade partners and inviting retaliation.
Second, China could export more capital to
developing countries, in which
case the decision would have no immediate impact on China's overall balance
of payments, but it would run the risk
of increasing its investment losses abroad.
Sixty percent
of the second billion are being born in
developing countries which have up to 50 percent HIV / AIDS
cases.
Some
of the areas to be covered will include economic realities in the global village, capitalism and the distribution
of wealth, an examination
of the multinational corporation, a
case study
of neocolonialism, power realities with a
developing country, educational realities in the third world, a comparison
of values — particularly East Africa and North America.
But the reality
of US society means many will lose (though not relevant in this
case, social mobility aka The American Dream is actually weaker than in some other
developed countries).
Case Study 2: Crop Health Capacity Building in Least
Developed Countries — A Unique Approach Ms Madaline Healey, Researcher, University
of the Sunshine Coast
Promotion
of Returnable Plastic Crates Systems for
Developing Countries (White paper /
case studies / desk study / cost - benefit analyses)
Developing country exporters may also typically expect a premium
of 10 to 25 percent, though in some
cases the premium may be much higher, up to a hundred percent or more, if the product concerned is in short supply.
Lots
of Brazilians are hyped up when they have played only a handful
of senior games and lots
of them move to Portugal or Holland when they are very young, but often — as in the
case of Neymar — those who stay and
develop in their home
country prove most successful.
In
developing countries, there may be
cases where the individual situation
of the mother and baby would make replacement feeding the safer option, despite the public health recommendation to breastfeed.
Handbooks for health Healthlink Worldwide (formerly AHRTAG) produces a wide range
of health and development publications which are available at low cost (or, in some
cases, free to readers in
developing countries).
Approximately 175000 cancer
cases are diagnosed annually in children younger than age 15 years worldwide, 1 with an annual increase
of around 0.9 % in incidence rate in the
developed world, only partly explained by improved diagnosis and reporting.1, 2 Childhood cancer is rare and its survival rate has increased significantly over the years owing to advancement in treatment technologies; however, it is still a leading cause
of death among children and adolescents in
developed countries, ranking second among children aged 1 to 14 years in the United States, surpassed only by accidents.1, 3 Childhood cancer is also emerging as a major cause
of death in the last few years in Asia, Central and South America, Northwest Africa, and the Middle East, where death rates from preventable communicable diseases are declining.2
In Japan, a system
of lifetime employment in many big businesses, a tradition
of employer provided benefits such as housing in many
cases, and a wage system in those kinds
of businesses where workers receive a substantial share
of their annual income in the form
of an annual bonus whose size can be used to buffer good and bad years for a company sharing risks and rewards with workers instead
of limiting the risks and rewards to an investor class, have contributed to low levels
of income inequality in the Japanese economy relative to comparably
developed countries with comparable levels
of government spending on welfare state type programs in other
countries.
But what we did in our own
case is sharing the money within the three tiers
of government and it encourages corruption and that is the reason why the
country has not been
developed.»
While survival rate for reported
cases in
developed countries is around 80 percent, back home we are struggling to save 20 percent
of the children who report with cancer.
Recalling that «This is the reason why I was up and down to Niger, Chad, Cameroon, Benin and Germany to meet the leaders
of G7 and the leaders
of international community to put our
case forward which is well known, Buhari said, «If in the capital
of a
developed country, 130 people were killed, who is Nigeria?
But until that supreme court
case at least, we have earned the moniker
of the least family friendly
country in the
developed world when it comes to immigration.
Asbestos products are now banned in most
developed countries, but since this form
of cancer takes decades to
develop, the number
of cases in these nations is still climbing.
The incidence
of primary cardiomyopathy in
developed countries is reported to be between 0.8 and 1.3
cases per 100,000 children up to the age
of 18, but is ten times higher in infants up to one year old.
Despite the alarming rise
of this deadly disease in
developed nations,
cases of adenocarcinoma remain scarce in
developing countries.
Despite being curable with multidrug therapy, leprosy still persists in many
developing countries, with more than 200,000 new
cases every year and increasing drug - resistant strains
of the leprosy bacterium, Mycobacterium leprae, emerging.
While most
cases of TB occur in
developing countries, it is also reemerging as a threat in major urban populations in Europe, due to the increase in global travel.
The conventional wisdom has long held that China is merely following the path
of the United States and other
developed countries that polluted — and in some
cases, continue to do so — on their way to a wealthier populace and eventual stricter environmental controls.
That will become especially important as data comes in from other parts
of the world — such as
developing countries where the relative growth in dementia
cases is predicted to exceed that
of high - income nations.
In India, for example, people do not live as long as they do in many
developed countries, but life expectancy is continuing to go up, prompting a sharper rise in the number
of dementia
cases among the elderly.
An HAV vaccine was
developed in 1995 and has drastically reduced the number
of cases of HAV in the US and many other
countries.
In a new study published in EPJ D, Jorge González from the University
of the Basque
Country, in Leioa, Spain and colleagues have
developed a theoretical method to calculate the most stable disposition that biomolecules try to adopt when they are together, or in close contact in
cases where the bonding is weak.
This is not just a
case of automated machinery eliminating human jobs; many younger workers in
developed countries prefer to avoid the «dirty, heavy, not prestigious work»
of physical labor on a farm, van Henten says.
This discovery may lead to a therapy for sepsis, a major cause
of death in
developed countries that is fatal in one in four
cases.
Tatiana Tatarinova, PhD,
of The Saban Research Institute
of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Eran Elhaik, PhD,
of the University
of Sheffield and colleagues
developed an admixture - based Geographic Population Structure (GPS) tool that uses genetic distribution and geographical distance to determine place
of origin, specifically the
country, or in some
cases, the village
of origin.
According to the World Health Organisation, the
cases of infertility have increased exponentially in
developed countries during the last 10 years.
Unfortunately, the majority
of MDR tuberculosis
cases occur in
developing countries that can't afford the several billion dollars that the global Stop TB Partnership estimates3 will be required to combat the disease.
As Tim Sly
of Ryerson University in Toronto, Canada, points out, rich
countries have the means to isolate stray
cases, but people arriving while incubating the infection may not seek medical care when they first
develop symptoms, as Ebola is easily confused with other tropical diseases.
A search by the WHO in
developing countries has so far revealed fewer than 20
cases of the unexplained HIV - negative immune deficiency syndrome that caused uproar at the international AIDS conference in July.
About half
of these
cases of early hearing loss in
developed countries have an identifiable genetic cause, with mutations in over 100 different genes identified so far.
The Southampton team believes these new results support the
case for national governments to fund universal newborn hearing screening programs that increase the rates
of early confirmation
of hearing difficulties in the many
developed and
developing countries where screening programs for deafness are currently under discussion, but not yet adopted as national policy.
However, studies
of children in
developing countries, where most
cases occur, found that measles vaccination reduces the overall death rate from infections for up to 5 years, suggesting that preventing the disease somehow provides protection against other illnesses.
They discussed the pros and cons
of cheap labour in
developing countries, child labour and
cases of environmental damage.
In high - income
countries, 10 years
of oral contraceptive use reduces the risk
of developing endometrial cancer before age 75 from 2.3 to 1.3
cases per 100 users.
Even though cancers account for a relatively small share
of all disease in
developing countries, the actual number
of cases is greater than in the industrialised world because
of the larger populations, says Indraneel Mittra, an oncologist at the Tata Memorial Centre (TMC) in Bombay.
Professor Mutimer added: «With HCV spread among PWID now accounting for the vast majority
of incident
cases in
developed countries, and with modelling studies suggesting that treatment for PWID could reduce transmission, it is critical that physicians review and adopt these guidelines when managing this important group
of patients.»
Infectious diseases such as HIV / AIDS and tuberculosis continue to rank high among global mortality factors, especially in
developing countries, and systemic inflammation has been identified as a root
case of many chronic disorders in the
developed world.
Worldwide, lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed form
of cancer.1 In the United Kingdom, its annual incidence is second only to that
of breast cancer, accounting for around 39000 new cancer diagnoses annually.2 In
countries that have seen a high prevalence
of smoking, around 90 %
of diagnoses
of lung cancer are attributable to cigarette smoking.3 The increased incidence from smoking is proportional to the length and intensity
of smoking history.4 On average, a lifetime smoker has a 20-fold increase in the risk
of developing lung cancer compared with a lifetime non - smoker.1 Lung cancer is more common in men than in women, closely following past patterns
of smoking prevalence, and 80 %
of cases are diagnosed in people aged over 60.2
«In general, there are more ROP
cases in
developed countries, but more severe
cases and higher rates
of blindness in
developing countries.»
In
developed countries about 15 %
of couples are affected by infertility, with almost half
of these
cases attributed to men, through low sperm motility or / and sperm count.
While
Case and Deaton found that smaller classes were modestly beneficial, Harvard economist Caroline Hoxby's careful quasi-experimental study
of elementary schools in Connecticut suggests that
Case and Deaton's results may not be relevant for more
developed countries.